Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India

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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India : A Vision Documentother common ingredient do not produce toxicity Characteristic leachate beyond permissiblelimit. It was suggested that 25% (by volume) of cement can be replaced by the fly ash to stabilizearsenic-laden to the tune of 11% (by volume of cement-mortar. It indicates that arsenic sludgecan also be used/managed effectively for our demand management.C. Potentials of deeper aquifers and surface water as alternate sourceof drinking water(i)Potential of surface water sourcesSupply of surface water from ponds, rivers etc. for drinking purposes through pipenetwork system after suitable purification by conventional method of treatment viz. coagulation,flocculation, rapid sand filtration and disinfections, as an alternate option, have been put intopractice in some places in West Bengal. Eight such surface water based schemes have beenoperationalized by the West Bengal Government in different places, covering population of 3.85million in 1266 mouzas. All the surface water based schemes are successfully running to providepotable water supply to masses covered under the schemes. In Bihar also, a number of surfacewater based pipe water supply schemes with their intake from the Ganga River to meet demandof multi-village supply are under construction. Surface water based schemes are constrained bynumber of factors, namely; (i) technical feasibility, (ii) water availability, (iii) cost factors, etcSurface water sources are not omnipresent, and, therefore, cannot be located andextended everywhere. Moreover, water in some of the flowing/ stationary bodies remains onlyfor a specific period of a year and cannot form the regular source for public water supplysystem. In addition to that, due to changes in the river discharges and its flow course, it is difficultto keep a sustainable intake point of water for the whole year. Most of the arsenic affected areasin the Ganges are along linear track of the river Ganga in U.P., Bihar, and Jharkhand state andalong the river Bhagirathi in West Bengal, supply of potable water from the surface watersources, wherever feasible, can be the most promising alternative. In areas, where surfacewater supplies are available or can be made available by any water conservation method,surface water based scheme after suitable purification could be the suitable proposition forpotable water supply.(ii)Potentials of Deeper AquifersThe arsenic contaminated zones in the Ganga-Brahmaputra fluvial plains mostly lie withinthe shallow aquifer (100 m bgl) underneath the contaminatedshallow aquifer, in many places of Bengal Delta Plains, are normally seen arsenic free. Thedeeper aquifer is separated by a thick clay layer of appropriate composition from the shallowaquifer. From the isotopic studies carried out in West Bengal, it was observed that there was nohydraulic connection between the shallow and deep aquifers as they belong to different ageNIH & CGWB 183
Annexuregroups. Those deep arsenic free aquifers have the potential to yield nearly 5 to 20 lps of water,which is largely adequate to meet demand of water in the domestic sector. Field studies indicatedthat properly designed tube wells are capable to harness deeper arsenic free aquifer withoutposing any future threat of arsenic mobilization from the overlain contaminated zone ( pages61-63). Similar is the experience from Bihar; deeper aquifers occur under semi-confined toconfined conditions are arsenic free and hold groundwater of about ~3000 yrs, The deeperarsenic-safe aquifer has potential to yield about 150-200 m3 /hr, which can be taped throughheavy duty deep tube wells.A properly designed well with screen length tapping the desired aquifer, along withcement sealing of interface of shallow arseniferous aquifer and deep aquifer, is proficient in safewithdrawal of water from the deep aquifer having no risk of arsenic rich water. The areas wheredeeper aquifers can be tapped with no future risk of contamination from the overlain aquifer;supply of potable groundwater by exploration of deeper aquifers can provide an alternate optionof dependability on groundwater resources.ReferencesBanerjee, Goutam and Ranjan Chakraborty, (2005). Management of arsenic-laden water plantsludge by stabilization, Jour. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policies. 7(4), pp.270-278, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg .Mahzuz, H. M. A., R. Alam, M. N. Alam, R. Basak, and M. S. Islam, (2009). Use of arseniccontaminated sludge in making ornamental bricks. Intl. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 6(2), pp.291-298.Rouf, Abdur Md., and Md. Delwar Hossain, (2003). Effects of using arsenic-iron sludge in brick.A compilation of papers presented at the International Symposium on Fate of Arsenic inthe Environment, Published by, ITN Centre, BUET on behalf of the BangladeshUniversity of Engineering and Technology and The United Nations University, Tokyo,Japan.. ISBN 984-32-0507-3.184NIH & CGWB
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe Government of In
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nearly 33 villages in 4 districts i
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(iii) Whether ex-situ removal techn
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6.4 Experiences during Arsenic Remo
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List of FiguresFigure no. Figure ca
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List of TablesTable no. Table Capti
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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwate
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5.2.2 Co-precipitationMitigation an
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5.8 SummaryMitigation and Remedy of
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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India

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