Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India

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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India : A Vision DocumentChapter - 9Financial Requirement9.1 GeneralThe detailed information about the arsenic menace, in different states in India, is given inChapter-2: 'Arsenic Menace in India-An Appraisal'. In short, nine districts, covering 111 blocks(3417 villages), spread over 38,861 sq. km. of area, with total population about 50.4 million inWest-Bengal; fifteen districts, covering 39 blocks (235 villages), spread over 21271 sq. km. ofarea, with total population about 24 million in Bihar, three districts, covering 9 blocks (69villages), spread over 10375 sq. km of area, with population of about 6 million in Uttar Pradesh;one district, covering 3 blocks (68 villages), spread over 725 sq. km. of area, with population ofabout 0.6 million in Jharkhand; one district, covering 1 block ( 4 villages), spread over 6396 sq.km. of area, with total population of 1.5 million in Chhattisgarh; three districts, covering 9 blocks,spread over 8822 sq. km. of area, in Assam; and four districts, spread over 2238 sq. km. ofarea, with total population of about 1.35 million, in Manipur, have been reported under influenceof arsenic vulnerability of concentration more than 50 µgL -1 . It is also suspected that many moreareas, in the North-Eastern states and 17 more districts in Uttar Pradesh, may have arsenic ingroundwater. In fine tuning, 4.6 million people, in 3417 villages in West Bengal, 1.7 million peoplein 235 villages in Bihar, 0.6 million people in 69 villages in Uttar Pradesh, and 0.06 million peoplein 68 villages in Jharkhand, have been reported under the grim of arsenic contaminatedgroundwater above 50 µgL -1 ,. In other states, exact count of population is not known. Largely, 7states, in which large part of West Bengal, stretches in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, scattered areasin Assam, pockets in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Manipur, are in the list of arseniccontamination in aquifer exceeding concentration 50 µgL -1 .In West Bengal, to combat the arsenic menace and to provide potable groundwater tothe people in the arsenic affected area, a number of schemes have been put in place, whichcould cover about 43% of the arsenic risk people. About 57% of the arsenic risk people are stillto be covered with the potable water supply. Nearly, 2252 Arsenic Treatment Units (ATUs), 77Arsenic Removal Plants (ARPs), and number of hand pumps, without filtration devices, havebeen installed. Out of which, about 50% of the ATUs and 42% of the ARPs are either yieldinggroundwater contaminated arsenic beyond 50µg/L or non-functional. Thus, there seems to berequirement of reviving and strengthening more than 1125 ATUs and 30 ARPs, besidesinstallation of number of new arsenic removal schemes and hand pumps or stand posts to ensurepotable water to the people, in the arsenic affected areas.NIH & CGWB 157
Financial RequirementIn other arsenic affected States, as such no arsenic removal Units/Plants have beeninstalled or operationalized, except some initiative for making alternate arrangement to providepotable groundwater supply. In order to ensure supply of safe drinking water to the people in thearsenic affected and vulnerable areas, the following field oriented schemes are proposed to takeup. The planning of any scheme for a district should be based on the comprehensivegroundwater quality maps and demography of the district.(i) One Arsenic Treatment Unit (ATU) for every 250 persons in severely affected villages,where the scope of developing arsenic safe shallow and deeper aquifers is limited; anddrinking water from other sources cannot be made available within a distance of 1.6 km,(ii) One Arsenic Removal Plant(ARP) for population more than 1000 in severely affectedvillages or society, where the scope of developing arsenic safe shallow and deeperaquifers is limited; and drinking water source cannot be made available within a distanceof 1.6 km,(iii) One hand pump for every 250 persons in arsenic vulnerable areas, where drinkingwater source can be made available within a distance of 1.6 km from arsenic safeshallow aquifer,(iv) One tube well for each village, covering population more than 5000 with provision ofoverhead storage tank and distribution line, having facility of one Stand post for every250 persons in arsenic vulnerable areas, where drinking water source can be madeavailable from exploration of arsenic safe deeper aquifers,(v) Reviving and strengthening of existing 1125 ATUs and 45 ARPs in West Bengal, by newarsenic removal devices, which are showing successful performance.(vi) One semi-skilled mate for each ATU and 2 semi-skilled mates for each ARPs.With these provisions, State-wise allocation of ATUs, ARPs, hand pumps, tube wells and standposts for 7 arsenic affected States are given below:State ATU ARP NewHandPumpWest Bengal 2500(includes1125 reviving&strengthening)100( includes 30reviving &strengthening)New tube wells withprovision of StandPost for supply ofwater(number in parenthesisindicate Stand post)Number ofSemi-skilledmate500 50(500) 2700Bihar 200 - 3000 110 (1100) 200Uttar Pradesh 150 - 1200 70(700) 150Jharkhand 35 - 500 15 (150) 35Assam - - 1000 60 (600) -Manipur - - 300 10(100) -Chattisgarh 4 - 100 5(50) 4158NIH & CGWB
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe Government of In
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nearly 33 villages in 4 districts i
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(iii) Whether ex-situ removal techn
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6.4 Experiences during Arsenic Remo
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List of FiguresFigure no. Figure ca
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List of TablesTable no. Table Capti
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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwate
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5.2.2 Co-precipitationMitigation an
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5.8 SummaryMitigation and Remedy of
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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India

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