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7. Conclusions16, Figure 17, and Figure 18 is to illustrate how each approach differs from a‘traditional’ project. In reality, most projects are likely to choose a combination of thesuggested approaches.1. Late locking of scope and fast executionAfter an extensive front-end phase, the project scope is defined and the project isexecuted. This is similar to a traditional project management approach, butemphasises a fast transition from front-end to execution. The approach meansminimising external flexibility after the scope is established.Degreeof freedomto manoeuvreHigh1.LowProjecttimeFigure 15. Illustration of a situation of late locking of scope and fast execution.(Based on Midler 1995, fig. 5)2. Shield off areas of uncertaintyIn the process of defining project scope, certain parts may be defined later than others.This can be manageable, provided that the still-open items are well defined and of alimited relative size. Areas where there is substantial uncertainty can be identified.The bulk of the scope can be defined in the front-end phase, while some issues remainunsettled until later stages. There are indications that no more than 10–15% of thescope can be kept open in this way.41