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Name Profession Age Gender EducationMonish DevBarmanFisherman 51 Male Limited formaleducationFerdousi Begum Housewife 32 Female Secondary SchoolCertificateMaulana KalimUddinMufti AbdulHasanImam + teacher at maqtab(religious school)40 Male Primary +MadrasahImam + Mufti 45 Male Highest religiousdegreeSumon Miah Rickshaw puller 22 Male Grade 7Rafiq Mobile phone store +poultry business28 Male HSC + Certificatein ElectronicsShanto Hawlader Mobile salesman 28 Male BBSSohel Student 28 Male BSS, MSSFigure 7: Profiles of the Toke participantsName Profession Age Gender EducationDevika Cleaner 35 Female Grade 8Harun KhanChairman (elected unionrepresentative+ politician)48 Male BAMomin Khan Farmer 45 Male Limited formaleducationShafi Islam Farmer 62 Male Limited formaleducationSuleiman Shahid Farmer 60 Male Limited formaleducationHabib Rahman Fisherman 50 Male Limited formaleducationMaulana Hafez (priest) 27 Male Equivalent to HSCMohammadGolamAbdul Quddus Head of junior school 55 Male BA, BEdMonohora Rani Housewife 40 Female Limited formaleducationMinhaz Udiin Social leader 58 Male Grade 5Fakir Ali Teacher (Islamic Studies) 30 Male Equivalent to BA+ part time farmer +salesmanSaidul Islam Headmaster of High School 55 Male BA, BEdSushma Bose Teacher (Agriculture) 27 Female HSC, Diploma inAgricultureFigure 8: Profiles of the Shak Char participants194 | Attitudes English Bangladesh
Field notes and photographsIn addition to the interviews, field notes and photographs were taken. Sinceone of the focuses of the research was to find out and assess how, where andwhy English was being used in the two rural communities, the researchers tooknotes whenever they found instances of English on signboards, on t-shirts, inthe home, or in people’s general conversation (i.e. that which was not recordedas part of the interviews). The taking of photographs helped them capture thematerial manifestation of English in the lives of the people in the two areas. Boththe field notes and the photographs also proved to be a useful aide memoire forresearchers when it came to organising and archiving the data.Data analysisIn analysing the transcribed and translated semi-structured interviews, qualitativecontent analysis was used (Silverman, 2006). In a first phase, the differentsections of the interview schedule were used as broad categories for analysisof the data. Following a grounded approach, we identified thematic connectionsand patterns across the dataset. In a second phase of analysis, the themes setout in the interview schedule were refined according to the emergent data,and the translated interview transcripts were manually coded accordingly. Thismanual analysis did not reveal any major differences between the opinions of thecommunity members in the two geographic sites, Toke and Shak Char.The four major themes explored in the interview data were as follows:1. English and access to global systems. This included issues about English andeconomic value, economic and geographic mobility, employment opportunitiesand access to the global knowledge economy.2. English and cultural value/identity. This included issues regarding the politicsof the English language in Bangladesh and the relationship between local andglobal culture/identities.3. English and social status. This included issues about the role of English andthe social status of the individual and the nation.4. Other issues. This included topics not mentioned in the above threecategories, including issues about access and infrastructure.In this report we discuss these four themes in turn, and provide examples from thedata of the opinions and attitudes of the members of the community where theresearch was undertaken. For each there is a brief summary.LimitationsWhen undertaking the data analysis, it became obvious that at times theparticipants’ responses may have been limited by the types of questions that wereasked and the ways they were framed. In addition, the data provide only partialinsight into other compounding issues along with lack of English that may impededevelopment, such as lack of literacy in the national language. This was likely duein part to the fact that the interview questions were necessarily concentrated onthe focus of the study, i.e. perceptions of English, and thus excluded other issues.Attitudes English Bangladesh | 195
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TeachingEnglishBritish Council ELTR
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British Council ELTResearch PapersV
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ContentsForewordJohn Knagg OBE 3Ove
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ForewordThe British Council aims to
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OverviewPerceptions and Strategies
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A global study of primary English t
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Attitudes to English as a language
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How to make yourself understood by
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1Perceptions and strategies oflearn
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and recently the use of metaphor ha
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Research methods explored to unders
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AgegroupNo. ofparticipantsGenderFMT
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This boy’s way of expressing his
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A breakdown of eight individual asp
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them vulnerable and fragile, ‘It
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It is likely that they perceived le
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ead what teacher is writing on the
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ReferencesBerendt, E. (2008, ed.) M
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Communication Difficulties, In A.L,
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2Investigating global practicesin t
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Review of the LiteratureThe widespr
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training in its theoretical underpi
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2003; Wedgwood, 2007) and teachers
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ationale and without a detailed con
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3. South Korea: a mixed Grades 1 an
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How useful are the following in pla
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translation exercises 50.5%activiti
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Which of the following do you think
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was grammar-based. However, the chi
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Such materials should be:■■■
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Gorsuch, G. J. (2000) EFL education
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Mihaljević Djigunović, J. (2009)
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Appendix - Survey resultsGender:Yea
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Type of primary/elementary school y
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Which language do you mostly use in
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How useful are the following in pla
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3A global study of primary Englisht
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per cent started learning English a
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Teacher DevelopmentMaley (quoted in
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Survey design and analysisQuestionn
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In terms of respondents’ experien
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I’m not a certified teacher … n
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they would like to attend further t
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23 per cent of respondents said the
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have a good knowledge of the langua
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Graddol, D. (2008) How TEYL is chan
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Williams, M., Burden, R. & Lanvers,
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# Answer Response %1 Male 218 9%2 F
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Appendix 2 - Respondentsteaching co
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# Answer Response %1 It’s a good
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# Answer Response %1 Yes 666 29%2 N
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Appendix 4 - Professionaldevelopmen
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# Answer Response %1 Ministry of Ed
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Appendix 5 - Teachersatisfaction# A
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4Confucius, constructivismand the i
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of the sustainability of initiative
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HeilongjiangXinjiangInner MongoliaL
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Method No of interviews Numbers off
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Zhang Huilin also expressed approva
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When I came back … I was teaching
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vocabulary; and songs and storytell
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asked] can you still use CLT at Sen
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ural areas of Shaanxi province. Li
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after their return. Non-participati
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Chisolm, L. (ed) (2004) Changing cl
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5Pulling the threads together:curre
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Review of literatureThis literature
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commitment to language rights (Toll
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SummarySo, taking into account rese
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‘symbolic domination’ (Bourdieu
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Research that focuses heavily on in
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and she [the EAL LA advisor] builds
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■■■■Planning L1 use careful
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Page 149 and 150: for teachers and children. Forthcom
Page 151 and 152: Basit, T. N. (2009) ‘White Britis
Page 153 and 154: Hall, C. J., Smith, P. H., & Wicaks
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Page 157 and 158: School Location Number of pupils Of
Page 159 and 160: School Participants Nature of parti
Page 161 and 162: ecently where they had all the pare
Page 163 and 164: 6Early EFL learning in context -evi
Page 165 and 166: Early EFL learning in CroatiaBackgr
Page 167 and 168: SampleA total of 173 young EFL lear
Page 169 and 170: School 73- a village school with ar
Page 171 and 172: In all schools except one village s
Page 173 and 174: Excerpt 2:T: Yes it’s a tiny, tin
Page 175 and 176: The three excerpts illustrate three
Page 177 and 178: time. At the very start of early FL
Page 179 and 180: YLs’ answers to the question abou
Page 181 and 182: As these explanations clearly show,
Page 183 and 184: Socio-economicstatusLearningenviron
Page 185 and 186: Medved Krajnović, M. and Letica Kr
Page 187 and 188: 7Attitudes to English as alanguage
Page 189 and 190: learners’ aspirations. Such appro
Page 191 and 192: country can either be characterised
Page 193 and 194: In addition there are several madra
Page 195 and 196: The overall picture in terms of lit
Page 197: give them a small token of apprecia
Page 201 and 202: know English become a team leader o
Page 203 and 204: English for computing and mobile ph
Page 205 and 206: Or:Bangla is our language. No one w
Page 207 and 208: highly respected people - all thing
Page 209 and 210: professions, and with providing a s
Page 211 and 212: And while there may be a need for m
Page 213 and 214: Erling, E. J. and P. Seargeant (eds
Page 215 and 216: Appendix: Interview scheduleQuestio
Page 217 and 218: 8Learner autonomy: Englishlanguage
Page 219 and 220: ability to take charge of one’s l
Page 221 and 222: One key argument for us here, then,
Page 223 and 224: The final study we discuss here is
Page 225 and 226: MethodologyResearch QuestionsThis p
Page 227 and 228: c. Critical reviewWe asked an acade
Page 229 and 230: emind those who had not. Two days a
Page 231 and 232: epresenting each orientation functi
Page 233 and 234: it’s just trying to help students
Page 235 and 236: • Feasibility• DesirabilityClas
Page 237 and 238: able to choose the main topic, the
Page 239 and 240: The small percentage of teachers wh
Page 241 and 242: it as a set of skills or abilities
Page 243 and 244: Workshop Topic Goals1 What is learn
Page 245 and 246: ReferencesAl-Shaqsi, T. S. (2009) T
Page 247 and 248: Johnson, K. E. (2006) The sociocult
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Appendix 1: The QuestionnaireEnglis
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StatementStrongly disagreeDisagreeU
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Section 3: Your Learners and Your T
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Appendix 2: Sample InterviewSchedul
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Appendix 3: Descriptive statisticsf
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Statement26. Promoting autonomy is
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they will learn, for what reason th
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Workshop 2: Learner Autonomy in the
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16. I try to promote it by not answ
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3. Using the above framework, what
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“I don’t feel students like to
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Workshop 5: Doing Teacher Research
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. However we collect data, we must
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9Using e-learning to developintercu
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through English. This has resulted
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learning (for example Belz and Thor
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the ‘flow’ of each interview. T
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intercultural awareness in intercul
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Students’ course evaluation5.054.
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sometimes I don’t know how to exp
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Extract 9Niti: it will be useful
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20191817161514131211109876543210Int
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Tables 5 and 6 are important in ill
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5.04.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.0Qu
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Furthermore, in the interviews the
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Despite these limitations there are
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Notes1. Awareness in this definitio
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Suktrisul, S. (2004) Elearning in T
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You have also been asked to keep a
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you will consider why comparisons b
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B. It will allow me to meet and con
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11. Culture and language are linked
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7. I liked doing this course online
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Teaching and learning6. How would y
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10‘Tanggap, tiklop, tago’(recei
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In what follows, thus, we first exp
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What do those with experience of de
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ecause the sound system is not func
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No. Question Mean SD7. Only trainin
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No. Question Mean SD12. Trainers sh
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I: The tendency is trainers will be
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focus group data, and some of the r
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Demonstration lessonsThe second mai
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FG4: When we are in large groups. B
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No matter how much you aspire for a
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was downed and most of the weakness
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Also, as the mean for Q.55 indicate
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Taken as a whole, this part of the
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3. Please see Appendix A for furthe
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Kennedy, C. (1988) Evaluation of th
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Appendix A: Questionnairerespondent
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cannot see our own eyes. So it’sb
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FGs:clarify that just a little bit
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11How to make yourselfunderstood by
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ackward-pointing gestures that are
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British university and a Spanish Er
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sort of repetition is particular pr
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has. Of course, the lecturer does n
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such as Spanish will express the di
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In the context of this part of thei
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LolaI will do it, I will classify m
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LolaUm how do I, how do I review th
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The gesture that was first introduc
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http://youtu.be/gDU-5M1qg9wAliceAnd
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This is a good example of ‘dramat
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Immediately after Alice has produce
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who perhaps prefer to stick closely
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Alicereas .. if you just think ^ ..
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HelenaDebbieHelenaDebbieHelenaDebbi
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JohnI think that’s very good beca
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Kovecses, Z. (2006) Metaphor: A Pra
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12Computers and learnerautonomy: tr
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established in that students are as
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table between the interviewer and i
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It is also worth noting here that o
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favourites’; TF ‘I have a flash
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“added value” to SACs. Indeed,
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important generic matters arising f
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Figura, K., and Jarvis, H. (2007) C
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Appendix - Questionnaire(with colla
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5. How often do you usually use com
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Computer-basedmaterials - withcompl
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NSTOTAL 41% (50) 49.2% (60) 9.8% (1
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ContributorsSaleh Salim Al-BusaidiL
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Mi Mi ChoongPerceptions and strateg
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Elizabeth J. ErlingAttitudes to Eng
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Albert LeePerceptions and strategie
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Sayeedur RahmanAttitudes to English
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Dr. Alan WatersPerceptions of Best
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The British Council works closely w
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