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Scotland: developing a national strategyConclusionThe important features of an environmental education strategy in onecountry may well have an application in others. In the case ofScotland, the findings of the Working Group are in close sympathywith those of environmental education strategies in some othercountries. The Scottish experience shows that in countries wheresomething similar is being attempted, success may depend on thefollowing factors:• seizing opportunities. (International and other noteworthyoccasions can be used to raise interest and support);• wide terms of reference;• a clear definition from the outset of the scope of the words“environment” and “education”;• a wide inter-sectoral approach, involving organizations in bothpublic and private domains;• making involvement in, and ownership of, the report as wide aspossible so as to give everyone a chance to contribute and tohave a stake in the outcome;• division of the work among the different learning contexts, inorder to address all the relevant influences;• consulting the main implementers to make sure that theproposals are practicable and to enlist their support;• a great deal of hard work on the part of many busy peoplebeyond the call of their normal activities.A good strategy has been described as one with a long-term outlookand a “marketing” approach, which enlists corporate competence inthe development of scarce resources, personal values and ambitionsand social obligations. All these points were addressed in theWorking Group’s report.Although much remains to be done to clarify the aims ofenvironmental education in relation to those of sustainable living, toaddress the global issues of standards and the values that these imply,and to translate them into an accessible, workable, educational form,advances along the lines described should make further progress inScotland more orderly and attainable.117
Planning education to care for the earthReferencesCosijn, R. 1986. An analysis of key terms of the World ConservationStrategy. Nederlandsche Commissie voor Internationale Natuurbescherming,Mededelingen No 24.HM Government. 1990. This Common Inheritance - Britain’s EnvironmentalStrategy, HMSO, London.IUCN, UNEP & WWF. 1980. World Conservation Strategy: LivingResources Conservation for Sustainable Development, IUCN, Gland.IUCN/UNEP/WWF. 1991. Caring for the Earth. A Strategy for SustainableLiving. Gland, Switzerland 228pp.Maas Geesteranus, C. & Smyth, JC. 1987. An Environmental EducationStrategy: a Concept for Educators IUCN - CEC, Gland. SwitzerlandRifkind, Rt Hon M. 1990. Scottish Office News Release 11September/1436/90 Scottish Information Office, Edinburgh.Scottish Education Department. 1974. Environmental Education: A Reportby HM Inspectors of Schools HMSO, Edinburgh.Scottish Environmental Education Council. 1985. Learning for Life, SEEC,PaisleyScottish Environmental Education Council. 1990. Environmental Educationfor a Sustainable Future - Conference Report of the IUCN North-WestEurope Committee of the Commission on Education and Training SEEC,Stirling.Scottish Office. 1993. Learning for Life: a National Strategy forEnvironmental Education in Scotland HMSO, Edinburgh.Scottish Office. 1995. A Scottish Strategy for Environmental Education: TheStatement of Intent by the Secretary of State for Scotland, HMSO EdinburghSmyth, J.C. 1986. Synopsis of Issues for an Environmental EducationStrategy IUCN - CEC, Gland.Smyth, J.C. 1991. Developing a national strategy for cooperation betweenthe government and non-government sectors. In Policies for EnvironmentalEducation and Training, 1992 and Beyond, ed. A. Cade, English Nature,Peterborough: 50-54.Smyth, J,C. 1994. Prospects for a strategy for environmental education inScotland. In Learning for Life: Environmental Education in ScotlandProceedings of a Symposium, 11 Nov. 1993, Royal Society of Edinburgh.Smyth, J.C. 1994. A national strategy for environmental education inScotland. [ref. to follow]118
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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Published by:IUCN, Gland, Switzerla
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Planning education to care for the
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ForewordMy introduction to IUCN - T
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Influences on pro-environmental pra
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Influences on pro-environmental pra
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Behaviour, social marketing and the
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Social marketing• Perceived benef
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Social marketingnew behaviours. The
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Social marketingchecklist of such d
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Social marketingThe recycling conta
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Social marketing2. Listen to the pe
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A basis for environmental education
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Basis for EE in the Sahelinstitutio
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Basis for EE in the SahelThe stages
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Basis for EE in the SahelCommentsIt
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Communication: an instrument of env
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Communication: an instrument of pol
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Effects of education on seabird con
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Environmental education programmes
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Environmental education in a Brazil
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Environmental education in a Brazil
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Addressing urban issues through env
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Urban issues through environmental
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