Planning education to care for the earth - IUCN Knowledge Network

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Australia: education for the Great Barrier Reefvalue of the Reef and occupies 950 of the 2,000 licensed fishing boats. Thereare about 600,000 recreational fishermen in Queensland and many go fishingon the Reef each year.There is often conflict between the various users of the Reef and the groupswhich want to see the Reef maintained in its pristine state forever. Thesustainable level of exploitation for some purposes such as line fishing andbottom trawling has already been reached in certain parts of the Reef. Runofffrom mainland activities containing suspended solutions which includenutrients, pesticides or sewage may be having a high impact on inshore reefs.The development of resorts and marinas is also affecting the coastalecosystems.Zoning systemsThe Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is not a national park. It is a multipleuseprotected area, fitting the classification system used by the InternationalUnion for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Reef is also included inthe World Heritage List as a natural site.Zoning is used to separate conflicting activities. Rather like a town plan,zoning provides different levels of protection within the park, ranging fromgeneral use zones with almost no restrictions to zones where almost noactivities are allowed. The only activities prohibited throughout the park areoil exploration, mining (other than for research), littering, spearfishing withscuba, and catching large specimens of certain fish. The three maincategories of zone are:• General use zones (two types): most activities including commercialand recreational fishing are permitted (bottom trawling is prohibitedin one of these two types);• Marine National Park zones (two types): only scientific, educationaland recreational activities;• Preservation and scientific research zones: no activities other thanstrictly controlled scientific research.Special management areas have been created for stock replenishment inparticular sites, with detailed and flexible planning.Most zones are determined for the life of a zoning plan - generally six years.Zoning for the entire park was completed in 1988.Role of cooperationThe Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), in conjunctionwith other Reef management agencies such as the Queensland Departmentof Environment and Heritage, uses a range of community education and135
Planning education to care for the earthextension services to achieve its goal “to provide for the protection, wise use,understanding and enjoyment of the Great Barrier Reef in perpetuity throughthe care and development of the Great Barrier Marine Park”. GBRMPA isrecognized internationally as a leader in community education and extensionand in public participation programmes for the management of marine areas.Regular, direct, informal contact by GBRMPA staff with Reef user groups atthe local, regional and State levels is strongly emphasized. Several advisoryand consultative committees have been established to represent political,economic and cultural interests in the development of the Marine Park. TheGreat Barrier Reef Consultative Committee provides an example of thecooperative arrangements needed to manage and evaluate activities in theReef region. This independent committee advises the Federal Ministerresponsible for the Marine Park about developments in the Reef WorldHeritage Area. Nominated representatives of scientific, tourism, commercialand recreational fishing, government, and aboriginal groups sit on thecommittee which also develops communication among the major interestgroups.Regional Marine Park advisory groups have been established along theQueensland coast to stimulate communication among government agencies,NGOs and interest groups about a range of issues including water quality,the effects of fishing, coastal development and local management plans. Theadvisory groups stimulate public debate and provide a meeting ground forconflicting interests as, for example, between commercial fishermen andconservationists. One regional committee recently initiated a 3-4 yearclosure of a reef to replenish fish stocks.As more local groups become involved in management, there is less need forgovernment regulation, expenditure and enforcement. Cooperation withvoluntary conservation organizations is important. The most influentialbodies - the Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF), the AustralianWilderness Society, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and GreenpeaceAustralia - have played a major role in raising the level of awareness andaction over marine and coastal issues. Since the 1970s a number of smaller,single-issue groups have emerged. They also facilitate the involvement of theAustralian community in conservation issues and lobby governments.Natural resource agencies can make good use of the networks and the energyand commitment of these groups, which produce magazines, newsletters,books, videos and brochures for educational purposes.Mutually beneficial relations with tourist organizations and commercial“extractive” users are vital. Cooperation with these groups is needed ifregulations, management plans and education programmes are to achievetheir objectives.Public participationThe Marine Park is managed primarily through the community’sunderstanding and acceptance of zoning and other management136
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Planning educationto care for the e
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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Published by:IUCN, Gland, Switzerla
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Planning education to care for the
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ForewordMy introduction to IUCN - T
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Planning education to care for the
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Pllanning education to care for the
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Influences on pro-environmental pra
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Influences on pro-environmental pra
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Behaviour, social marketing and the
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Social marketing• Perceived benef
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Social marketingnew behaviours. The
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Social marketingchecklist of such d
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Social marketingThe recycling conta
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Social marketing2. Listen to the pe
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A basis for environmental education
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Basis for EE in the Sahelinstitutio
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Basis for EE in the SahelThe stages
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Basis for EE in the SahelCommentsIt
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Communication: an instrument of env
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Communication: an instrument of pol
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Effects of education on seabird con
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Environmental education programmes
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Environmental education in a Brazil
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Environmental education in a Brazil
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Addressing urban issues through env
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Urban issues through environmental
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CAMPFIRE programme•manage and exp
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CAMPFIRE programmeTable 1. Some exa
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CAMPFIRE programmeCAMPFIRE is now l
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CAMPFIRE programmeFurther ReadingCh
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IUCN education in Sahel and West Af
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Page 96 and 97: Matter of motivationlaboratory test
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