Planning education to care for the earth - IUCN Knowledge Network

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IUCN education in Sahel and West Africademand from teachers for teaching aids and documentation as well astraining. Partnership with other organizations involved in the training ofteachers may be envisaged.Experience in Mali has shown that it is possible in environmental educationto work in collaboration with associations linked to the social and culturalheritage. The use of traditional means of expression to convey symbolicallythe environmental message may initiate changes in behaviour and lead tonew action. Likewise, in rural areas, youth associations and clubs need to beencouraged, and efforts should be made with the Koranic schools. Radio hasbeen used experimentally, and is a medium with potential for thedissemination of environmental messages.ConclusionDevelopment programmes risk failure if they do not take into accountthe experience of the people they are designed to benefit. It isnecessary to listen to the people to understand their behaviour towardsnatural resources, and the essential factors have to be appreciatedbefore any action is taken.The importance of environmental education is not to impose a way ofthinking, but to clarify and deepen the understanding of people of theenvironment in which they live and the problems they face, to create aclimate in which they will find appropriate solutions through changesof attitude and behaviour, and through the application of simpletechniques and practices.Lessons learnedI learned that for success in EE I have to:•listen and understand the knowledge, and the priorities of thepeople;•involve all the partners from the bottom to the top from thebeginning and all through the process;•take into account the traditional ways of communication, of passingon knowledge, skills, and cultural heritage. EE has to become theirprogramme, their new way of thinking and behaving, they have to beable to reproduce it, to transfer the knowledge and technology intheir own words and actions.Further ReadingIUCN 1991. Walia: The Approach Practical Guidelines, IUCN Gland,Switzerland. In French and English, available free.83
A matter of motivationIbrahim ThiawAbstractIn Nouakchott, Mauritania, the government promoted an improvedmodel of stove with the aim of reducing the consumption of firewoodand, indirectly, of limiting the destruction of forests. The population,particularly in urban centres of Mauritania, regularly experiences alack of charcoal, which produces social crises. The programme waslaunched to the satisfaction of the aid agencies concerned and of thegovernment. Did the people who adopted these stoves do so tocontribute to a national effort to resist the encroaching desert, or werethere more personal or family-linked motivations?IntroductionThe consumption of firewood is a major cause of the destruction ofvegetation in Mauritania, a country almost entirely covered by the Sahara.The energy crisis is acute and the price of fuel wood in relation to thestandard of living is excessively high. Charcoal is sometimes delivered bytruck over 1,000 km., and profit margins may amount to 20 to 35 percent ofthe retail price.The felling of trees for agriculture and for energy requirements correspondedto more than 60,000 equivalent hectares of natural wood units in 1990.Almost 70 percent of domestic energy needs were supplied by wood orcharcoal according to a 1987 estimate and Nouakchott, the capital,accounted for more than 47 percent of total energy consumption.It was hardly realistic in spite of the acute energy crisis to expect thepopulation suddenly to abandon a fuel used from time immemorial, soefforts had to be made to improve the use of wood and the quantitiesnecessary for various residential and craft production needs. Later, substitutefuels, such as butane or kerosene might be introduced progressively, withsuitable accompanying measures.Attention was therefore turned to the design of new stoves adapted tohousehold needs, and to the climate (frequent and unpredictable sandstorms).The prototypes had to be within the capacities of local blacksmiths toreproduce.Surveys were made of the shape and average size of pots used for cooking,cooking places and conditions and the quantities of charcoal used per dayand per week. The first prototypes were placed in selected households whichhad been using Malagasy stoves. Housewives received details of the84
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Planning educationto care for the e
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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Published by:IUCN, Gland, Switzerla
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Planning education to care for the
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ForewordMy introduction to IUCN - T
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Influences on pro-environmental pra
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Behaviour, social marketing and the
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Social marketing• Perceived benef
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A basis for environmental education
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Basis for EE in the Sahelinstitutio
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Basis for EE in the SahelThe stages
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Basis for EE in the SahelCommentsIt
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Communication: an instrument of env
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