Mechanisms of aluminium neurotoxicity in oxidative stress-induced ...

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Abbreviations (continuation) GSSH oxidized glutathione H2O2 hydrogen peroxide HVA homovanillic acid IL interleukin iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase IP3 inositol triphosphate JP juvenile parkinsonism KO knock-out LB Lewy body L-DOPA 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine LN Lewy neurite LPS lipopolysaccharide Maneb manganese ethylenebisadithiocarbamate MAO monoamine oxidase MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MDA malonodialdehyde MEF2 myocyte enhancer factor 2 MFB median forebrain bundle mGLUR metabotropic glutamate receptor Mit mitochondria MPP + 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion MPPP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxy-piperidine MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine MRI magnetic resonance imaging MSA multiple system atrophy mtDNA mitochondrial DNA MTP mitochondrial transition pore NBM nucleus basalis of Meynert NINDS National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NMDAR glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor nNOS neuronal nitric oxide synthase NO ● / NO nitric oxide oxygen O2 O2 ●─ superoxide anion oatp organic anion transporting polypeptide ● OH hydroxyl radical 6-OHDA 6-hydroxydopamine ONOO ●─ peroxynitrite
Abbreviations (continuation) PCC protein carbonyl content PCD programmed cell death PD Parkinson’s disease PET positron emission tomography PI phosphatidylinositol PIP2 phosphatidylinositol biphosphate PI-PLC phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C PKC protein kinase C PQ 1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium, paraquat Prx2 peroxiredoxin 2 PSP progressive supranuclear palsy PTC protein thiol content RNS reactive nitrogen species ROOH hydroperoxides ROS reactive oxygen species SN substantia nigra SNpc substantia nigra pars compacta SNpr substantia nigra pars reticularis SOD superoxide dismutase SPECT single photon emission computarized tomography STN subthalamic nucleus t½ half life TBA thiobarbituric acid TBARS thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TEP 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane TH tyrosine hydroxylase, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase TH-ir tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity TNF-� tumour necrosis factor-� TPN total parenteral nutrition UPS ubiquitin-proteasome system VTA ventral tegmental area wt wild type YOPD young-onset PD
Page 1: Universidade de Santiago de Compost
Page 5: Don Ramón Soto Otero y Doña Estef
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgements The work of this t
Page 11: Abbreviations AA ascorbic acid AD A
Page 16 and 17: List of figures (continuation) Chap
Page 19 and 20: TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....
Page 21: CHAPTER 3 Brain oxidative stress an
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Page 27 and 28: INTRODUCTION PD is found in all eth
Page 29 and 30: Bradykinesia INTRODUCTION Bradykine
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUCTION predate the occurrence
Page 33 and 34: Table 1: Differential diagnostic in
Page 35 and 36: INTRODUCTION Table 3: National Inst
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4: Dopamine catabolism (Mén
Page 39 and 40: The basal ganglia INTRODUCTION The
Page 41 and 42: The death of SNpc DAergic neurons I
Page 43 and 44: INTRODUCTION the dorsomedial part o
Page 45 and 46: INTRODUCTION characterized as are l
Page 47 and 48: INTRODUCTION (Olanow et al. 2004).
Page 49 and 50: Etiology and pathogenesis of PD INT
Page 51 and 52: Ageing INTRODUCTION Ageing remains
Page 53 and 54: INTRODUCTION The finding of MPTP to
Page 55 and 56: INTRODUCTION may clarify why many n
Page 57 and 58: Misfolding and aggregation of prote
Page 59 and 60: INTRODUCTION (E3) (Figure 18A). Los
Page 61 and 62: INTRODUCTION in connection with Par
Page 63 and 64:
INTRODUCTION Oxidative damage happe
Page 65 and 66:
DA metabolism as a source of ROS IN
Page 67 and 68:
Contribution of oxidative and nitro
Page 69 and 70:
Excitotoxicity INTRODUCTION Glutama
Page 71 and 72:
INTRODUCTION al. 1996, Cicchetti et
Page 73 and 74:
Experimental models of PD INTRODUCT
Page 75 and 76:
INTRODUCTION induce selective DAerg
Page 77 and 78:
ALUMINIUM General features INTRODUC
Page 79 and 80:
INTRODUCTION Varying amounts of alu
Page 81 and 82:
INTRODUCTION and antiperspirants co
Page 83 and 84:
INTRODUCTION approximately 3% of al
Page 85 and 86:
Excretion INTRODUCTION As insoluble
Page 87 and 88:
INTRODUCTION 3.5 mg may be increase
Page 89 and 90:
INTRODUCTION Oteiza 1999), non-iron
Page 91 and 92:
Aluminium as a cell membrane menace
Page 93 and 94:
INTRODUCTION mobilization of Ca 2+
Page 95:
Aluminium impairs neurotransmission
Page 99 and 100:
AIMS OF THE PRESENT THESIS The main
Page 101:
OBJETIVOS
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OBJETIVOS 3) Evaluar de forma preci
Page 107:
CHAPTER 1 Time-course of brain oxid
Page 110 and 111:
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 86 6-OHDA (2
Page 112 and 113:
CHAPTER 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS Che
Page 114 and 115:
CHAPTER 1 followed by centrifugatio
Page 116 and 117:
CHAPTER 1 RESULTS Effects of 6-OHDA
Page 118 and 119:
CHAPTER 1 DISCUSSION 94 As shown by
Page 120 and 121:
CHAPTER 1 strategies or to study th
Page 122 and 123:
CHAPTER 1 Fig. 2 Changes in PCC in
Page 125:
CHAPTER 2
Page 129 and 130:
ABSTRACT CHAPTER 2 In the present w
Page 131 and 132:
MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals CHA
Page 133 and 134:
CHAPTER 2 atomization used were 1,5
Page 135 and 136:
DISCUSSION CHAPTER 2 Aluminium ente
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Table 1. Graphite furnace programme
Page 141:
CHAPTER 3 Brain oxidative stress an
Page 144 and 145:
CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION 120 The huma
Page 146 and 147:
CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Che
Page 148 and 149:
CHAPTER 3 1:15 for hippocampus and
Page 150 and 151:
CHAPTER 3 initially incorporated to
Page 152 and 153:
CHAPTER 3 RESULTS In vivo effects o
Page 154 and 155:
CHAPTER 3 Effects of aluminium admi
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CHAPTER 3 DISCUSSION 132 Aluminium
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CHAPTER 3 hippocampus, showed simil
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CHAPTER 3 assume that the distinct
Page 162 and 163:
CHAPTER 3 Fig. 1 Levels of TBARS (A
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 2 Enzyme activity of
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 3 Microphotographs s
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 5 Levels of TBARS (A
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 6 In vitro effects o
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SUMMARY
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SUMMARY values were attained at 48
Page 178 and 179:
SUMMARY neurodegeneration in the DA
Page 181 and 182:
CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in
Page 183:
13) Aluminium does affect neither M
Page 187 and 188:
RESUMEN RESUMEN Desde el punto de v
Page 189 and 190:
RESUMEN zonas cerebrales excepto en
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CONCLUSIONES
Page 194 and 195:
CONCLUSIONES Capítulo 2 4) La admi
Page 196 and 197:
CONCLUSIONES 172 En base a las conc
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Publications as a direct result fro
Page 201:
REFERENCES
Page 204 and 205:
REFERENCES Agil A., Duran R., Barre
Page 206 and 207:
REFERENCES Baquet Z. C., Bickford P
Page 208 and 209:
REFERENCES 184 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropy
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REFERENCES 186 compacta of the subs
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REFERENCES Chung K. K., Dawson V. L
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REFERENCES Zhou W., Zhu M., Wilson
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