Mechanisms of aluminium neurotoxicity in oxidative stress-induced ...

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CHAPTER 2 significant increase of the metal concentration in the ventral midbrain, i.p. administration led to a decrease in aluminium concentration in this cerebral region. In our opinion, this curious observation could be related to the specific composition of this area and the reported ability of aluminium to change the permeability of plasma membranes in function of their particular composition (Silva et al. 2002). 112 Our results clearly show that aluminium accumulation in the brain not only varied with the administration route used but also in its distribution in the distinct brain areas. Evidently, both the presence of citric acid in the oral dose of aluminium and the difference in the time of treatment also could contribute to the reported differences. However, in view of the reported variance in aluminium distribution in different cerebral regions following both treatments, it can be argued that the effects of aluminium cannot be generalized to the whole brain and a study of the kinetics of aluminium distribution in specific cerebral areas is necessary to understand the neurotoxicity of this metal and its contribution to a particular neurological disorder. Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Xunta de Galicia (Santiago, Spain; Grant PGIDIT03PXIB20804PR).
Table 1. Graphite furnace programme for aluminium determination by ETAAS Step Temperature (ºC) Ramp (s) Hold (s) Ar flow (mL min -1 ) Dry 150 15 20 300 Pyrolisis 1500 15 20 300 Atomization 2800 0 5 50 (read) Cleaning 2200 1 5 300 CHAPTER 2 Fig. 1 Levels of aluminium in the different areas of the rat brain. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Asterisks denote values significantly different (one-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni‟s test) for treatment versus control group (*, p < 0.01, **, p < 0.001) and for the oral-treated group versus intraperitoneally-treated group (***, p < 0.001). �g Al 3+ / g 20 15 10 5 0 Control Al-treated ** *** * * *** ** ** i.p. oral i.p. oral i.p. oral i.p. oral i.p. oral CE VM CO H ST ** *** ** *** * ** *** ** 113
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Universidade de Santiago de Compost
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Don Ramón Soto Otero y Doña Estef
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Acknowledgements The work of this t
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Abbreviations AA ascorbic acid AD A
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Abbreviations (continuation) PCC pr
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List of figures (continuation) Chap
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....
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CHAPTER 3 Brain oxidative stress an
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INTRODUCTION PARKINSON’S DISEASE
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INTRODUCTION PD is found in all eth
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Bradykinesia INTRODUCTION Bradykine
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INTRODUCTION predate the occurrence
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Table 1: Differential diagnostic in
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INTRODUCTION Table 3: National Inst
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Figure 4: Dopamine catabolism (Mén
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The basal ganglia INTRODUCTION The
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The death of SNpc DAergic neurons I
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INTRODUCTION the dorsomedial part o
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INTRODUCTION characterized as are l
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INTRODUCTION (Olanow et al. 2004).
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Etiology and pathogenesis of PD INT
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Ageing INTRODUCTION Ageing remains
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INTRODUCTION The finding of MPTP to
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INTRODUCTION may clarify why many n
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Misfolding and aggregation of prote
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INTRODUCTION (E3) (Figure 18A). Los
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INTRODUCTION in connection with Par
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INTRODUCTION Oxidative damage happe
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DA metabolism as a source of ROS IN
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Contribution of oxidative and nitro
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Excitotoxicity INTRODUCTION Glutama
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INTRODUCTION al. 1996, Cicchetti et
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Experimental models of PD INTRODUCT
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INTRODUCTION induce selective DAerg
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ALUMINIUM General features INTRODUC
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INTRODUCTION Varying amounts of alu
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INTRODUCTION and antiperspirants co
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INTRODUCTION approximately 3% of al
Page 85 and 86: Excretion INTRODUCTION As insoluble
Page 87 and 88: INTRODUCTION 3.5 mg may be increase
Page 89 and 90: INTRODUCTION Oteiza 1999), non-iron
Page 91 and 92: Aluminium as a cell membrane menace
Page 93 and 94: INTRODUCTION mobilization of Ca 2+
Page 95: Aluminium impairs neurotransmission
Page 99 and 100: AIMS OF THE PRESENT THESIS The main
Page 101: OBJETIVOS
Page 104 and 105: OBJETIVOS 3) Evaluar de forma preci
Page 107: CHAPTER 1 Time-course of brain oxid
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 86 6-OHDA (2
Page 112 and 113: CHAPTER 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS Che
Page 114 and 115: CHAPTER 1 followed by centrifugatio
Page 116 and 117: CHAPTER 1 RESULTS Effects of 6-OHDA
Page 118 and 119: CHAPTER 1 DISCUSSION 94 As shown by
Page 120 and 121: CHAPTER 1 strategies or to study th
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER 1 Fig. 2 Changes in PCC in
Page 125: CHAPTER 2
Page 129 and 130: ABSTRACT CHAPTER 2 In the present w
Page 131 and 132: MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals CHA
Page 133 and 134: CHAPTER 2 atomization used were 1,5
Page 135: DISCUSSION CHAPTER 2 Aluminium ente
Page 141: CHAPTER 3 Brain oxidative stress an
Page 144 and 145: CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION 120 The huma
Page 146 and 147: CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Che
Page 148 and 149: CHAPTER 3 1:15 for hippocampus and
Page 150 and 151: CHAPTER 3 initially incorporated to
Page 152 and 153: CHAPTER 3 RESULTS In vivo effects o
Page 154 and 155: CHAPTER 3 Effects of aluminium admi
Page 156 and 157: CHAPTER 3 DISCUSSION 132 Aluminium
Page 158 and 159: CHAPTER 3 hippocampus, showed simil
Page 160 and 161: CHAPTER 3 assume that the distinct
Page 162 and 163: CHAPTER 3 Fig. 1 Levels of TBARS (A
Page 164 and 165: CHAPTER 3 Fig. 2 Enzyme activity of
Page 166 and 167: CHAPTER 3 Fig. 3 Microphotographs s
Page 168 and 169: CHAPTER 3 Fig. 5 Levels of TBARS (A
Page 170 and 171: CHAPTER 3 Fig. 6 In vitro effects o
Page 173: SUMMARY
Page 176 and 177: SUMMARY values were attained at 48
Page 178 and 179: SUMMARY neurodegeneration in the DA
Page 181 and 182: CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in
Page 183: 13) Aluminium does affect neither M
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RESUMEN RESUMEN Desde el punto de v
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RESUMEN zonas cerebrales excepto en
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CONCLUSIONES
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CONCLUSIONES Capítulo 2 4) La admi
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CONCLUSIONES 172 En base a las conc
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Publications as a direct result fro
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