Practice of Kinetics (Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics, Volume 1)

32 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR SLOW REACTIONS24V Skinnersolenoid valveVAvvvA-395wT-12 v50 230#lr CISIIIFig. 24. Circuits for operating automatic Topler pumps. (b) is from ref. 110.baths at a constant temperature by adding small amounts of liquid nitrogen andstirring, while observing the temperature with a copper/constantan thermocouple,to prevent “carry over”. Care also has to be taken that no gas has been trapped inthe remaining liquid or solid by trap-to-trap distillation. Even so, it is difficultto obtain clear cut separations with C, and C5 hydrocarbons for example”’. Le-