Synchrophasor Initiative in India - erldc

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SYNCHROPHASORS - INITIATIVE IN INDIA JUNE 2012This page has been intentionally left blankPOSOCO Page 14 of 143
SYNCHROPHASORS - INITIATIVE IN INDIA JUNE 2012CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 System Operation through load angleMaintaining angular separation between coherent groups of generators within the acceptablelimits is a fundamental need for maintaining system stability in a synchronous interconnectionunder various system conditions. The power flow (MW / MVAr) on any transmission line / orinter connecting transformers can be also be derived if the time synchronized voltage phasors ofthe two ends are known (along with the line impedance). During synchronization of energizedAC systems, it is crucial to match “the voltage magnitude”, “the frequency”, and “the phaseangle difference” to prevent equipment damage or grid disturbance in the process. Thus loadangle is an important variable in power system operation.In the conventional SCADA / EMS system, the voltage magnitude, frequency, MW, MVAr andthe circuit breaker status are available at the control centre through direct measurements (usingtransducers) while the load angle of the buses are estimated (by the State Estimator).Alternatively, the angular separation between adjacent nodes could be derived from the powerflow on the line connecting them, impedance of the line and the voltage magnitude at the twoends. These angular separations could be algebraically added up along the path to obtain theangular separation between any coherent groups of generators/ pair of nodes.Figure 1: Load angle between Ramagundam and Neyvelli for 13, 14 and 17 May 2002POSOCO Page 15 of 143
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Synchrophasor Initiative in India - erldc

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