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of the circumstances that led to the introduction ofthe “gender-free” concept, and the responses andcriticisms from the conservative side.Action stepsMany women’s movement organisations andactivists are fearful of the internet, and are not comfortablewith using it, especially when it comes toinformation dissemination. In order to master theinternet, feminists need to understand its characteristics,advantages and disadvantages deeply. AsJosh Rose wrote in his blog, “The Internet doesn’tsteal our humanity, it reflects it. The Internet doesn’tget inside us, it shows what’s inside us.” 6The work of Yamaguchi and Saito is very important.If we avoid encounters with conservative“backlashers” because they intimidate us, or wefeel they are enemies, nothing will change.We propose the four following points of actionwhich we feel should help with the situation:• Hold workshops dealing with the practical useof the internet for women.• Develop and offer spaces (both of real and virtual)which women or women’s groups can usewith a sense of security.• Measure and quantify social issues relating tothe internet, especially when it comes to privacy.• Advocate for an improvement in the social environmentso that women’s rights are guaranteed.AcknowledgementsMy heartfelt appreciation goes to members ofthe Global Feminism Research Group, TomomiYamaguchi, Masami Saito, Chung Haeng-ja andTamura Takanori, who offered information aboutfeminism in Japan, as well as continuing supportand constant encouragement. Special thanks goto Ms. Yamaguchi and Ms. Saito, who provided thekey story about the interactions between the backlashersand themselves, and whose meticulouscomments were an enormous help to me. ■6 mashable.com/2011/02/23/social-media-culture154 / Global Information Society Watch
Access to ICTs helps in the fulfilment of other basic and universal human rights, such as theright to an adequate standard of living. This postcard, also part of the Write Me In campaign,emphasises how the rights of people with disabilities can be upheld effectively through accessto ICTs. Decreasing dependency makes women with disabilities safer as well, and this isvital given that they are disproportionately affected by domestic violence and sexual assault.For a colour reproduction of the image, please visit: www.giswatch.org155 / Global Information Society Watch
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Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . .
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IntroductionJoanne SandlerGender at
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excluded. 9 And while recent data n
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ox 1In February 2009, intimate pict
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egime, increasing surveillance of t
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Accessing infrastructureMariama Dee
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figure 2.Share of individuals with
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figure 4.Share of where internet wa
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figure 7.Main reasons why individua
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A digital postcard urging people to
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and set the scene for a new point o
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activity, exhorting citizens to exe
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to citizens. 30 The situated experi
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Sexuality and the internetBruno Zil
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ally exclusive. Commercial sex is a
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Sometimes, strangers they meet onli
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Violence against women onlineJan Mo
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elated forms of VAW have become par
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Men often feel that they own their
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ConclusionAs Daroczi, Shevchenko, R
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Online disobedienceNadine MoawadAss
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mapping platform for sexual harassm
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1800 1850 1900Maria Gaetana Agnesi(
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TodaySusan KareCreated the icons an
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Whose internet is it anyway?Shaping
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academic groundwork is needed, both
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empowered and disempowered by them.
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Whose internet is it anyway?Shaping
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Country reports
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P is for PIN: “The website works
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Crime of Trafficking, 9 which recei
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Role of ICTs in the trafficking of
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(1) If any person deliberately publ
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BOLIVIAPreventing digital violence
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Due to the popularity and widesprea
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a position of privilege.” 7 It be
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the councils that the spaces alone
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gradually become the primary field
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Sexuality in Communist Bulgaria”,
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• Of the five MPCTs selected, two
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• MPCT managers should regularly
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protest movement that has gained si
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to arise as to the evolving nature
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CHINAMicroblogs: An alternative, if
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domestic violence, and the exacting
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colombiaWomen’s rights, gender an
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• Women activists and human right
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CONGO, democratic republic ofOnline
Page 103 and 104: CONGO, REPUBLIC OFWomen’s rights
Page 105 and 106: The different uses of ICTs for wome
Page 107 and 108: cook islandsBalancing leadership: A
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Page 111 and 112: costa ricaThe ICT sector requires t
Page 113 and 114: côte d’ivoireYasmina Ouégnin: A
Page 115 and 116: family expenses according to their
Page 117 and 118: was any kind of consultation before
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Page 121 and 122: Write Me In is a series of digital
Page 123 and 124: Online protests over “virginity t
Page 125 and 126: ethiopiaEmpowering women through IC
Page 127 and 128: the exchange take as much as 80% of
Page 129 and 130: indiaThe internet as a pathway for
Page 131 and 132: Using ICTs in support of women’s
Page 133 and 134: • Develop gender-sensitive techni
Page 135 and 136: The skill of using modern technolog
Page 137 and 138: However, non-official surveys indic
Page 139 and 140: iraqICTs and the fight against fema
Page 141 and 142: multimedia presentations in their v
Page 143 and 144: Both these groups emerged from the
Page 145 and 146: Action stepsPaestum 2013Just before
Page 147 and 148: in 2009. The Dunn et al. study foun
Page 149 and 150: end of the ICT spectrum, reflecting
Page 151 and 152: japanDealing with the backlash: Pro
Page 153: Akiko and teacher Nomaki Masako (wh
Page 157 and 158: ut the case was ultimately dismisse
Page 159 and 160: kenyaWomen and cyber crime in Kenya
Page 161 and 162: huge online following. Known as an
Page 163 and 164: Action steps• Lobby to have onlin
Page 165 and 166: For example, although the abovement
Page 167 and 168: In addition to the cases mentioned
Page 169 and 170: Two years later, when facing a simi
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Page 173 and 174: Table 2.Women in technical position
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Page 179 and 180: NEW ZEALANDProposed new laws and th
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Page 183 and 184: NIGERIAThe use of ICTs to express p
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Page 187 and 188: PAKISTANShaping ICTs in Pakistan us
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Page 191 and 192: PERUWomen against violence: Using t
Page 193: een delays in the judicial response
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Page 199 and 200: employment. While science courses a
Page 201 and 202: One of the protesting organisations
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trained to be accustomed to gatheri
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ConclusionThe government of Rwanda
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a threat to the South African publi
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spainShaping the internet: Women’
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and up to 23% to 25% in industrial
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Economic activityAt the end of the
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Action stepsSwitzerland has ratifie
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• Conducting social campaigns and
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gender equality in the new constitu
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inheritance rights. However, in man
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thailandThai cyber sexuality: Liber
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Table 1.Selected examples of online
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ugandaUsing ICTs to create awarenes
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united statesThe flame war on women
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Council that addresses online haras
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Because of this the DWU became cons
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venezuelaICT and gender violence in
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company PDVSA 41 (2), the National
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This image from Pakistan captures t
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