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This is nothing less than a threat from the government,with cruel disregard for the urgency ofthe abuse victims’ needs. In addition, the government’splan to call up victims’ financial informationand provide proportional support denotes that it isnot mindful of how victims who flee from violenceto seek security in shelters have great difficulty inexercising their legal rights over property.Unfortunately, relevant ministries (Ministry ofHealth and Welfare, Ministry of Gender Equalityand Family) are not aware of how severely victims’rights to the privacy of personal information areviolated.For example, until 2010, vocational trainingfor abuse victims was partially paid for by thegovernment to assist victims’ rehabilitation. However,as part of an electronic government systemestablished in 2011, it was advised that femalevictims also visit the local employment supportcentre to register their personal information, includingtheir RRN, and engage in job-seekingactivities just as any unemployed or job-seekingindividual does.The current law does not mandate women victimsof violence to update their current address intheir resident registration, in order not to disclosetheir location to the perpetrators. However, the victimis required to visit a local employment supportcentre that is in the proximity of the address on theirresident registration, not their current address (i.e.the shelter). There is no consideration for concernsthat a victim may unwillingly expose her location tothe perpetrator, or be accosted by the perpetrator orthe perpetrator’s relatives.This reveals the government’s painful lack of understandingregarding the different needs of socialservice providers and recipients. This also showsthat the government lacks the least understandingof women’s rights, and this even oppresses the victims’future economic and social activity.It is also alarming that collecting victims’ personalinformation increases the possibility ofinformation leaks. As of May 2013, there have beenten cases of personal information leaks since theISWN began. These are only the reported cases inwhich victims were aware of the leak; there couldbe many more leaks that victims are not aware of.This raises the chance of perpetrators attackingthe victim again. Recording the victim’s informationon the ISWN makes it easy for perpetrators to identifyher location. For example, when abused wivesflee from their husbands, they are apt to take theirchildren with them. In fact, prior to the ISWN, therewere cases in which abusive fathers who locatedtheir children through the National Education InformationSystem came to the shelter to threaten theirwives and children.If these abusers access the ISWN, the informationcould precipitate more violent actions. Victimsof sexual abuse are by no means free from thethreats their perpetrators can pose if their personalinformation is compromised.The government should note that due to socialprejudice, most women prefer not to disclose thefact that they have stayed at a shelter. However,when her RRN and personal information are accumulatedinto administrative information, thereis virtually nothing a woman can do to protect herprivacy.To these assertions, the Korean governmentmade the following counterargument: RRNs arereplaced by electronic management numbers thatcannot be matched to a person, so that a personaccessing data cannot identify a person with aRRN. However, this is a flawed argument. Theelectronic management number is not randomlycreated. Rather, it is a serial code that is derivedfrom the victim’s RRN. In addition, the serial codecontains the type and location of the facility wherea victim seeks support. This means that a perpetratorcould derive a victim’s location. Someonemay also discover that a victim had once stayed ata shelter. Further, the serial code can be exposednot only to government officials who process data,but even to officials in other offices. There havebeen reported cases where someone was able toconfirm from a local provincial office clerk that acertain woman had stayed at a shelter. What wouldhappen if such sensitive information, which is sopoorly protected, were released on the internet atonce?For the above reasons, the Korea Sexual ViolenceRelief Centre has refused to disclose femalevictims’ personal information to the government atthe cost of losing subsidies. They have come up withalternatives, which include raising funds throughinternet portal sites and using social network servicessuch as Twitter to promote their activities andattract sponsors.ConclusionsFrom the above examples, we can see that the internetitself presents neither a positive nor negativeeffect on women per se; rather, it is how the socialgovernance structure allocates internet technologythat affects women’s rights.166 / Global Information Society Watch
In addition to the cases mentioned above, thereis increased electronic monitoring of women in carework, such as daycare centre and hospice workers.Methods include using mobile devices and theinternet to record workers on their job and GPS totrack their locations. This increases social surveillanceon women in care work and increases theintensity of their labour.Unless Korea’s chauvinistic culture and malecentredgovernance structure undergo qualitativechanges, technical tools such as the internet canhave only limited impact on promoting women’srights.Action stepsIt is the government’s duty to protect its citizens; therefore,there is little justification for the government toprioritise administrative efficiency over the rights ofthe socially disadvantaged. As a short-term goal, relevantlaws must be amended so that female victimsof violence can minimise exposure of their personalinformation. Of course, in the long term, legislatorsshould consider gender-specific needs prior to makingall policies in order to prevent such trial and error.In this process, civil society has a duty to monitorgovernment policies, reach out to victims and raiseawareness on relevant issues. It is undeniable that theinternet will be the greatest partner in this endeavour. ■167 / Global Information Society Watch
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Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . .
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IntroductionJoanne SandlerGender at
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excluded. 9 And while recent data n
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ox 1In February 2009, intimate pict
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egime, increasing surveillance of t
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Accessing infrastructureMariama Dee
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figure 2.Share of individuals with
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figure 4.Share of where internet wa
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figure 7.Main reasons why individua
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A digital postcard urging people to
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and set the scene for a new point o
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activity, exhorting citizens to exe
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to citizens. 30 The situated experi
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Sexuality and the internetBruno Zil
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ally exclusive. Commercial sex is a
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Sometimes, strangers they meet onli
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Violence against women onlineJan Mo
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elated forms of VAW have become par
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Men often feel that they own their
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ConclusionAs Daroczi, Shevchenko, R
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Online disobedienceNadine MoawadAss
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mapping platform for sexual harassm
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1800 1850 1900Maria Gaetana Agnesi(
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TodaySusan KareCreated the icons an
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Whose internet is it anyway?Shaping
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academic groundwork is needed, both
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empowered and disempowered by them.
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Whose internet is it anyway?Shaping
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Country reports
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P is for PIN: “The website works
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Crime of Trafficking, 9 which recei
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Role of ICTs in the trafficking of
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(1) If any person deliberately publ
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BOLIVIAPreventing digital violence
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Due to the popularity and widesprea
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a position of privilege.” 7 It be
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the councils that the spaces alone
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gradually become the primary field
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Sexuality in Communist Bulgaria”,
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• Of the five MPCTs selected, two
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• MPCT managers should regularly
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protest movement that has gained si
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to arise as to the evolving nature
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CHINAMicroblogs: An alternative, if
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domestic violence, and the exacting
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colombiaWomen’s rights, gender an
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• Women activists and human right
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CONGO, democratic republic ofOnline
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CONGO, REPUBLIC OFWomen’s rights
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The different uses of ICTs for wome
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cook islandsBalancing leadership: A
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and the Netherlands (38.7%). Of the
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costa ricaThe ICT sector requires t
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côte d’ivoireYasmina Ouégnin: A
Page 115 and 116: family expenses according to their
Page 117 and 118: was any kind of consultation before
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Page 121 and 122: Write Me In is a series of digital
Page 123 and 124: Online protests over “virginity t
Page 125 and 126: ethiopiaEmpowering women through IC
Page 127 and 128: the exchange take as much as 80% of
Page 129 and 130: indiaThe internet as a pathway for
Page 131 and 132: Using ICTs in support of women’s
Page 133 and 134: • Develop gender-sensitive techni
Page 135 and 136: The skill of using modern technolog
Page 137 and 138: However, non-official surveys indic
Page 139 and 140: iraqICTs and the fight against fema
Page 141 and 142: multimedia presentations in their v
Page 143 and 144: Both these groups emerged from the
Page 145 and 146: Action stepsPaestum 2013Just before
Page 147 and 148: in 2009. The Dunn et al. study foun
Page 149 and 150: end of the ICT spectrum, reflecting
Page 151 and 152: japanDealing with the backlash: Pro
Page 153 and 154: Akiko and teacher Nomaki Masako (wh
Page 155 and 156: Access to ICTs helps in the fulfilm
Page 157 and 158: ut the case was ultimately dismisse
Page 159 and 160: kenyaWomen and cyber crime in Kenya
Page 161 and 162: huge online following. Known as an
Page 163 and 164: Action steps• Lobby to have onlin
Page 165: For example, although the abovement
Page 169 and 170: Two years later, when facing a simi
Page 171 and 172: NEPALPerspectives of Nepali women i
Page 173 and 174: Table 2.Women in technical position
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Page 177 and 178: procure a safe medical abortion. Th
Page 179 and 180: NEW ZEALANDProposed new laws and th
Page 181 and 182: world. The gender inequalities play
Page 183 and 184: NIGERIAThe use of ICTs to express p
Page 185 and 186: the issue in the public eye until p
Page 187 and 188: PAKISTANShaping ICTs in Pakistan us
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Page 191 and 192: PERUWomen against violence: Using t
Page 193: een delays in the judicial response
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Page 199 and 200: employment. While science courses a
Page 201 and 202: One of the protesting organisations
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Page 207 and 208: ConclusionThe government of Rwanda
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Page 211 and 212: spainShaping the internet: Women’
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Page 215 and 216: Economic activityAt the end of the
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Action stepsSwitzerland has ratifie
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• Conducting social campaigns and
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gender equality in the new constitu
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inheritance rights. However, in man
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thailandThai cyber sexuality: Liber
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Table 1.Selected examples of online
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ugandaUsing ICTs to create awarenes
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united statesThe flame war on women
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Council that addresses online haras
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Because of this the DWU became cons
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venezuelaICT and gender violence in
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company PDVSA 41 (2), the National
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This image from Pakistan captures t
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