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This collection of images celebrating diversity was launched as a banner for the Take BackThe Tech! 16 Days of Activism against Gender Violence campaign in 2012. The theme was “16Days, 16 Stories”, documenting gender-related violence and discrimination against women,and strategies to overturn them, including re-telling fables and stories with a gender twist;calling on mobile technology users not to forward violent content; and sharing ways of healingafter violence. For a colour reproduction of the image, please visit: www.giswatch.org92 / Global Information Society Watch
CHINAMicroblogs: An alternative, if limited, venue for addressing women’s rightsviolations in ChinaDanwei and Media Monitor for Women NetworkHudson Locket and Lu Pinwww.danwei.com and www.genderwatch.cnIntroductionEarly 2013 and 2012 saw two major events with ramificationsfor China’s women play out on the nationalstage via microblogs, or weibo ( 微博 ), platformswhich as of November 2012 had 309 million users,according to the China Internet Network InformationCenter (CNNIC). In both cases, posts containinggraphic mobile phone photos of violent acts againstwomen stirred online tumult over two longstandingChinese institutions – one state-enforced, one culturallyinescapable, both facts of life for much of thecountry’s female populace:• The forced abortion performed in June 2012 onShaanxi resident Feng Jianmei, who was sevenand a half months pregnant, by local officialsenforcing China’s one-child policy.• The April 2013 ruling granting a divorce andcustody to US citizen Kim Lee, former wife ofthe famed Chinese English teacher Li Yang, ongrounds of domestic violence.Both cases hold lessons for those seeking to useweibo as a vehicle for improving the lot of mainlandChinese women, who by many accounts have seena steady backslide in terms of gender equality sincethe beginning of “Reform and Opening Up” in 1978.BackgroundWith the ousting of central leadership candidateBo Xilai in 2012, weibo once again proved its influenceas a lever with which the public couldexert some degree of oversight on the country’sgoverning body. 1 Bo’s crooked dealings wereexposed when word spread online that his righthandman fled to a US consulate with reportedlyincriminating documents. While blaming the centralgovernment directly remained off limits, weiboshowed it could still play an influential role in determiningthe course of certain events by making1 For more details, see the country report from China in GISWatch 2012:giswatch.org/en/country-report/internet-and-corruption/chinathem undeniable among a large enough portion ofthe population.There is also precedent for online outrageprompting genuine reform of governmentpolicy. Prior to weibo’s 2007 debut, heated onlinediscussion erupted after the 2003 death ofmigrant worker Sun Zhigang, who had been severelybeaten and died while being detained fornot having a temporary living permit or ID. Thefurore led then-Premier Wen Jiabao to announcethe abolition of the custody and repatriation procedure,which had allowed anyone travellingwithout proper documentation to be detained andreturned to their registered place of residence.Case 1: The forced abortion of Feng JianmeiOn 1 June 2012, the Zhenping County Family PlanningBureau in southern Shaanxi province ordered23-year-old Feng Jianmei and her husband, DengJiyuan, to pay a massive fee of CNY 40,000 (aroundUSD 6,500) or face the abortion of Feng’s sevenmonth-oldfoetus. According to a report on theincident eventually released by China’s NationalPopulation and Family Planning Commission,Feng’s failure to change her household registrationafter moving to the town meant she was stillan urban resident, unlike her rural neighbourswho were allowed two children through a loopholein the “one child” family planning policy.Late-term abortions, coerced or otherwise, are illegalin China. Accounts differ as to when the couplewas notified, but imposing hefty (technically illegal)fines has long been popular among localgovernments looking to turn a profit while enforcingthe policy under central government mandate.Family members said that local officials accostedFeng while Deng was away and took her to a hospital,where on 2 June the staff injected shots intoher womb to induce labour. Prior to injection Feng,isolated and blindfolded, was forced to give herthumbprint and signature consenting to the procedure.Early on the morning of 4 June she gave birthto a stillborn girl.Word of the forced abortion began spreadingthrough online discussion forums (Bulletin BoardSystems, or BBS), with pictures posted by at least11 June. That morning, one discussion thread on a93 / Global Information Society Watch
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Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . .
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IntroductionJoanne SandlerGender at
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excluded. 9 And while recent data n
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ox 1In February 2009, intimate pict
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egime, increasing surveillance of t
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Accessing infrastructureMariama Dee
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figure 2.Share of individuals with
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figure 4.Share of where internet wa
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figure 7.Main reasons why individua
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A digital postcard urging people to
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and set the scene for a new point o
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activity, exhorting citizens to exe
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to citizens. 30 The situated experi
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Sexuality and the internetBruno Zil
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ally exclusive. Commercial sex is a
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Sometimes, strangers they meet onli
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Violence against women onlineJan Mo
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elated forms of VAW have become par
Page 42 and 43: Men often feel that they own their
Page 45 and 46: ConclusionAs Daroczi, Shevchenko, R
Page 47 and 48: Online disobedienceNadine MoawadAss
Page 49 and 50: mapping platform for sexual harassm
Page 51 and 52: 1800 1850 1900Maria Gaetana Agnesi(
Page 53 and 54: TodaySusan KareCreated the icons an
Page 55 and 56: Whose internet is it anyway?Shaping
Page 57 and 58: academic groundwork is needed, both
Page 59 and 60: empowered and disempowered by them.
Page 61 and 62: Whose internet is it anyway?Shaping
Page 63 and 64: Country reports
Page 65 and 66: P is for PIN: “The website works
Page 67 and 68: Crime of Trafficking, 9 which recei
Page 69 and 70: Role of ICTs in the trafficking of
Page 71 and 72: (1) If any person deliberately publ
Page 73 and 74: BOLIVIAPreventing digital violence
Page 75 and 76: Due to the popularity and widesprea
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Page 85 and 86: • Of the five MPCTs selected, two
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Page 97 and 98: colombiaWomen’s rights, gender an
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Page 103 and 104: CONGO, REPUBLIC OFWomen’s rights
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Page 111 and 112: costa ricaThe ICT sector requires t
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Page 117 and 118: was any kind of consultation before
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Page 121 and 122: Write Me In is a series of digital
Page 123 and 124: Online protests over “virginity t
Page 125 and 126: ethiopiaEmpowering women through IC
Page 127 and 128: the exchange take as much as 80% of
Page 129 and 130: indiaThe internet as a pathway for
Page 131 and 132: Using ICTs in support of women’s
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Page 135 and 136: The skill of using modern technolog
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Both these groups emerged from the
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Action stepsPaestum 2013Just before
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in 2009. The Dunn et al. study foun
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end of the ICT spectrum, reflecting
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japanDealing with the backlash: Pro
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Akiko and teacher Nomaki Masako (wh
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Access to ICTs helps in the fulfilm
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ut the case was ultimately dismisse
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kenyaWomen and cyber crime in Kenya
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huge online following. Known as an
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Action steps• Lobby to have onlin
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For example, although the abovement
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In addition to the cases mentioned
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Two years later, when facing a simi
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NEPALPerspectives of Nepali women i
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Table 2.Women in technical position
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NetherlandsInternet, information an
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procure a safe medical abortion. Th
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NEW ZEALANDProposed new laws and th
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world. The gender inequalities play
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NIGERIAThe use of ICTs to express p
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the issue in the public eye until p
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PAKISTANShaping ICTs in Pakistan us
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with Pakistan’s internet ranking
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PERUWomen against violence: Using t
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een delays in the judicial response
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infrastructure, clear processes and
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employment. While science courses a
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One of the protesting organisations
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county libraries have been trained
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trained to be accustomed to gatheri
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ConclusionThe government of Rwanda
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a threat to the South African publi
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spainShaping the internet: Women’
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and up to 23% to 25% in industrial
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Economic activityAt the end of the
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Action stepsSwitzerland has ratifie
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• Conducting social campaigns and
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gender equality in the new constitu
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inheritance rights. However, in man
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thailandThai cyber sexuality: Liber
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Table 1.Selected examples of online
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ugandaUsing ICTs to create awarenes
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united statesThe flame war on women
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Council that addresses online haras
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Because of this the DWU became cons
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venezuelaICT and gender violence in
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company PDVSA 41 (2), the National
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This image from Pakistan captures t
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