VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURE

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2. VolunteeringlandscapeThere is no formal, legal or widely accepted definition of volunteering. Private organisationsor government departments use various definitions. The “deontological” definitions refer tocommon perceptions worldwide and include components like “unselfish actions aimed to benefitothers”, “unpaid work for social purposes motivated by altruistic instincts or ideals” etc. A morepractical and “ontological” definition used by the Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity andthe Federation of Non-profit and Voluntary Organisations is:“Volunteering is organised or otherwise, non-compulsory work, offered without compensation. It isprovided through government, market, non profit, or informal sectors; it benefits other individuals,groups, communities or society as a whole, excluding relatives, friends or other social networks in whicha person participates and is being benefited” (Zannis, 2004) 1 .A Special Eurobarometer 2 reported that only 14% of Greeks currently undertake some voluntaryactivity on a regular or occasional basis, with identical proportions of men and women.Analysing some evidence on the social care sector in 2005, 1.7 million hours of volunteering,equivalent to 830 full-time employees, were offered to 350 non-profit organisations 3 . But this isthe only official scientific research in Greece and it does not include all the organisations in thefield.Furthermore, there is no systematic registration or research concerning the number ofnon-profit and voluntary organisations. Different estimations from 1990 to 2005 list 5000 to13,000 non-profit organisations in all fields of activity. According to the author’s estimations,before the beginning of the economic crisis there were 5000 to 7000 active non-profitorganisations all over country. Volunteers were a significant percentage of their staff. Manyof these organisations face survival problems, and they are not currently active because ofthe crisis. Middle-class people were the main deposit of volunteering and non-profits nowface serious economic difficulties with negative consequences to non-profits’ viability. Privatefunding is also becoming scarcer. As volunteerism through formal organisations declines,new informal practices arise to face the rapid impoverishment of Greek society, especially inbig cities. Initiatives like collective kitchens, shelter provision to the homeless, distribution ofblankets and other goods to the poor are the new forms of informal volunteering.There is no legislation that permits individuals to offer voluntary services through governmentsector agencies. National and local authorities prefer to use non-profit services for theimplementation of specific projects. In general, state agencies use volunteers informally andoccasionally. This is all profoundly being transformed because of the rapid impoverishment ofGreek society and the abnormal and violent transformation of its social structure.1. Zannis, P. (2004), “Volunteer and Volunteering: Deontological and Ontological Approaches”, Social Science Review- Greece, Vol 19, 75, p.p. 167- 1782. Directorate for relations with citizens (2011), Voluntary work. Summary, European Parliament Special Eurobarometer 75.23. Greek Secretary of social solidarity (2006), The Non-profit Sector in Social Care (in Greece), unpublished report166 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 12 Greece
Financial support tovolunteering organisationsis almost exclusively dueto EU funded projects andprivate philanthropy.3. Legal framework for volunteeringand its implementationThere is no legal framework on volunteering. Current legislation concerns only non-profitand non-governmental entities, and is not systematic and often contradictory. Different rulesand regulations that govern relations between the state and third sector do not emphasisevolunteering.4. Structure of the non-profit sectorinvolved in volunteeringOver the last 15 years, there have been various initiatives by government and non-profitorganisations to promote volunteering, but these efforts have been limited and stillborn.The General Secretary for Youth, as the official coordinator of EuropeanYear of Volunteering 2011 in Greece, made some efforts to support andpromote volunteering 4 . Former initiatives came from the governmentalorganisation “Citizens in Deed”, the Federation of Non-profit and VoluntaryOrganisations and the Initiative for the Legislation of Civil Society inthe Constitution. The latest collective initiative came from Civil SocietyParliament of Greece, an innovative institution for the development of civilsociety in Greece.5. Other stakeholdersPrivate Foundations and for-profit organisations, in a corporate social responsibility (CSR)framework, provide resources to non-profit organisations, mainly by the form of economicsupport and less in giving time.6. Funding opportunitiesThe Greek Government does not fund organisations in order to encourage volunteering. Fundsare provided on a “contract state” basis, for specific missions, especially for social care andenvironment projects. A number of public initiatives to promote volunteering in the past havenot been successful. Economic support is almost exclusively indirect, through European Unionfunded projects and private philanthropy.4. General Secretary for Youth (2012), http://www.neagenia.gr/frontoffice/ portal.asp?cpage=NODE&cnode=1167 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 12 Greece
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CONTENTS6810-18Foreword John Macdon
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FOREWORDAs is now widely known, we
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The European Year of Volunteering (
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1. VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURECONCE
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5. Other stakeholdersIn terms of th
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Local Volunteer Service of Tirana,
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In our opinion there is an ambivale
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in CSR projects. Companies with sig
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10. Additional countryspecificities
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3CHAPTERLBEDUTCH-SPEAKINGCOMMUNITYG
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2. Volunteering landscapeVolunteeri
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operates as a volunteer support cen
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8. Ethics and quality standardsfor
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nominated by the King, which are th
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schools have parent associations wh
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8. Ethics and quality standards for
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ResourcesBelgian Red Cross, 2011. G
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To conclude, in Bosnia and Herzegov
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can state that more volunteering wi
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4. Structure of the non-profit sect
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Herzegovina include CSR in their po
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2. Recommendations for local author
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CRO5CHAPTERATIVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides the principles embedded in
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The National Strategy for the Creat
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Only 6% of theorganisationswho had
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promotional activities, with the ai
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Recommendations on a European level
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of different abilities and socio-ec
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As in most geographical contexts, t
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3. Legal framework for volunteering
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Non-profit companies: Non-profit co
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such a boundary exists) the arena e
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associations, a large part acting a
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A similar context occurs in the pol
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7. Regular and systematic researchT
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The building of a truly enabling en
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7CHAPTERCVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURE
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2. Volunteering landscapeDefinition
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Table 4: Likelihood of Volunteering
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In the Czech Republic, a system of
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People in Need is a humanitarian or
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VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURECHAPTERDE
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Volunteer is a person who undertake
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Page 125 and 126: organisations in the South (mostly
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Page 143 and 144: 2. Volunteering landscapeIn France,
Page 145 and 146: works to promote the sector in its
Page 147 and 148: Some large companies have set up vo
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Page 153 and 154: Besides that there is a large secto
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Page 159 and 160: Each federal state has offices or d
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Page 183 and 184: A National Strategy for Volunteerin
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7. Regular and systematicresearchSy
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9. Awareness of volunteeringopportu
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CSVnet, 2009. Manifesto of Voluntee
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According to the study, responses o
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In general, the perception of volun
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written certification regarding the
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preparation of different campaigns
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Even though the idea is really nobl
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In Latviathere is nogovernmentalor
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Factum Research Studio, 2010. Aptau
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volunteering. Additionally, 28.5 %
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There are a variety of organisation
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ResourcesOfficial Gazette of Republ
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An indication of the profile of vol
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The introduction of new elements, s
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volunteers forming part of the Prog
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with an organisation as part of the
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Civil Society FundAdministered by t
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ResourcesChapter 327 of the Laws of
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1MOCHAPTER9LDVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUC
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Moldavian law on volunteering defin
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ResourcesState Register of Legal Ac
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standpoints” 1 . However, despite
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However, the results of research sh
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10. Additional countryspecificities
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ageing population in the Netherland
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Netherlands. Volunteer centres also
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Service-learning in the Netherlands
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The total amount of hoursvolunteers
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A successful European Year of Volun
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Be aware of the changing motivation
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CHAPTER2O2PVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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The Polish third sectorconsist of a
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On the other hand main people’s m
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The Council of Volunteer centres Ne
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5. Other stakeholdersCompaniesVolun
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involve them in shaping the Union
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7. Regular and systematic researchR
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“volunteer friendly criteria”.
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An importantobstacle forvolunteerin
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iblioteka.ngo.pl/public/ksiazki/wol
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Holy Houses of MercyThe first Holy
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2CHAPTER4ROVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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The resources included refer to ena
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Thirdly, the communist legacy of th
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udgets at all levels. One of the ma
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Within the registered non-profit en
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Educational institutionsVolunteerin
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In 2011, more than1,6 million Roman
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hypothesis of constant growth in th
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members of the network, meeting rep
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11. RecommendationsRomania has a lo
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25SLCHAPTERVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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It’s difficult to define thesitua
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is important. There are many exampl
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4. STRUCTURE of the non-profit sect
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There is a boomin employeevolunteer
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7. Regular and systematic researchI
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10. Additional country specificitie
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2CHAPTERSL6OVENVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTR
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In the Slovenian context, unpaid ac
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The Law on Volunteering represents
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Slovene Philanthropy initiated a pr
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Another widely supported recommenda
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Table 2. Logics (1) of the Vertical
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(1) Each of these logics in the cre
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shows that, within the entities res
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a platform for dialogue between soc
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Businesses also have a role to play
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9. Awareness ofvolunteering opportu
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Fundación La Caixa, 2007. Buenas p
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According to the latest study by th
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part of Switzerland.74% Swiss peopl
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10. Additional country specificitie
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CHAPTER92KUVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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The strategy also expressed concern
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the Office for Civil Society does n
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The reduction in the incomeof the v
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Low N., Butt S., Ellis Paine A. and
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The Scottish governmentbudget for t
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11. RecommendationsWe would strongl
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volunteering than they have roles t
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health and social care services are
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organisation’s reputation. Fifty
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CHAPTER92KUVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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to benefit others or the environmen
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volunteering. At a time when there
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ResourcesCharities Aid Foundation a
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VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURE

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