VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURE

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1. <strong>VOLUNTEERING</strong> <strong>INFRASTRUCTURE</strong>CONCEPT DEFINITIONBefore, the European Year of Volunteering (EYV) 2011, in Poland, volunteering infrastructure(VI) has not been officially defined in any legal document. That has changed with the adoption ofa “Long Term Strategy for Volunteering Policy Development”, which is one of the main outcomesof the European Year in Poland.The concept of volunteering infrastructure was rarely used among voluntary sector’s expertsand workers. Rather in this context, they use the general term “sector”. For the purpose of thispublication, we will define the volunteering infrastructure as the whole system supportingvolunteering and its development.This system consists of the following elements:Institutions, organisations and bodies. Those include:• organisations active specifically in the field of volunteering, with (one of the main) aim(s) tosupport and develop voluntary activities; and organisations (NGOs) supporting other NGOsi.e. volunteer centres, volunteer development centres, foundations, federations and theirnetworks;• organisations involving volunteers but having other aims than development of volunteeringi.e. ‘cause’ organisations;• public administration at all levels, including ministries, special offices, regional and localadministration, such as self-government structures;• business supporting volunteering in partnerships and/or having employee volunteeringprogrammes;• media specialised in civil society/volunteering issues (e.g. www.ngo.pl);• academic institutions active in the field of volunteering and social research (e.g. ProjektSpołeczny 2012/Social Project 2012)• governmental agencies e.g. National Agency for Youth in Action Programme;Political, Legal, Educational and Economic framework: law, strategies, acts, non-mandatory acts,resolutions, investments in volunteering, governmental reports and strategies, funding &programmes;Research and analysis: both conducted by governmental, non-governmental and academic world;Media, PR & Raising-awareness tools: including promotion and raising awareness campaigns andmedia activities and attitudes;Supporting tools & matching systems: Volunteer banks, websites, databases, training opportunitiesfor both volunteers and theirs supervisors etc.And all types of interactions between those elements.306 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 22 Poland
The Polish third sectorconsist of around 130 000entities (associations,foundations, trade unionsetc.) - 3 quarters of thesefunction without paid staffHence, volunteering infrastructure has two main functions:• It creates an enabling environment for volunteering to develop and maintain its roles andfunctions;• It enables people to involve, participate and sustain voluntary activities.It is important to mention that this definition is very wide and encompasses all possibleelements of volunteering infrastructure. In Poland, the system of VI undergoes slow butconstant change and many of those elements need further development and support.2. Volunteering landscapeLegal regulations concerning non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Poland wereintroduced by the Act on Public Benefit Activity and Voluntarism (2003, with furtheramendments 2010). The law defines a volunteer as “a person who voluntarily, and with noremuneration provides services based on regulations specified in the law (Art. 2.3)”.The Law regulates the principles of volunteer employment, insurance, reimbursement ofexpenses incurred in connection with performing volunteer work, and the scope of powers.According to the law, volunteering may be provided for the benefit of NGOs, the authoritiesof state institutions and local governments, units subordinated to state authorities or, whichis rare, companies acting as non-for-profit organisations. The Act does notallow the provision of voluntary work in favor of business institutions orunder any other commercial activity ran by other institutions.Although there is an official definition of volunteering defined by law,there also exists other definitions within voluntary sector. The Volunteercentres network defines a volunteer as “a person who voluntarily and withoutcompensation provides benefits for organisations, institutions, and individualsbeyond family and friendship ties”. For research purpose the Klon/JaworAssociation (conducts repeated research on volunteerism in Poland) uses a broad definitionand defines volunteering as “devoting one’s time to unpaid social activity done out of free will fornon-governmental organisations, religious and social movements”.There is no official and regular data collection regarding the involvement in volunteering withinthe Polish society. Consequently, the data provided below is based on the research conductedby the voluntary sector itself or by the publicly funded independent Public Opinion ResearchCentre (CBOS).In general, Polish third sector consist of around 130 000 entities (associations, foundations,voluntary fire brigades, social organisations, trade unions, religious organisations). Researchof Klon/Jawor Association shows that around 3/4 of those organisations does not engage paidstaff. Another research of the Klon/Jawor Association shows that 44% of organisations use thework of volunteers, out of which only half works with more than 10 volunteers. As few as 2% oforganisations works with over 100 volunteers. In general, research conducted by this associationshows that consistently since 2002, more than half of Poles declares that they work socially.Moreover, “voluntary and unpaid activities for their local community or those in need, makethose already engaged in them more and more absorbed (in 2001 they allocated to social workan average of 18 days, in 2003 - 20 days, in 2006- 21.5 days)” (CBOS “The state of civil societyin the years 1998-2006. Report on Research”). However, these results relate to social work in307 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 22 Poland
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CONTENTS6810-18Foreword John Macdon
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FOREWORDAs is now widely known, we
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The European Year of Volunteering (
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1. VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURECONCE
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5. Other stakeholdersIn terms of th
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Local Volunteer Service of Tirana,
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In our opinion there is an ambivale
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in CSR projects. Companies with sig
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10. Additional countryspecificities
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3CHAPTERLBEDUTCH-SPEAKINGCOMMUNITYG
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2. Volunteering landscapeVolunteeri
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operates as a volunteer support cen
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8. Ethics and quality standardsfor
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nominated by the King, which are th
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schools have parent associations wh
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8. Ethics and quality standards for
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ResourcesBelgian Red Cross, 2011. G
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To conclude, in Bosnia and Herzegov
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can state that more volunteering wi
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4. Structure of the non-profit sect
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Herzegovina include CSR in their po
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2. Recommendations for local author
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CRO5CHAPTERATIVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides the principles embedded in
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The National Strategy for the Creat
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Only 6% of theorganisationswho had
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promotional activities, with the ai
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Recommendations on a European level
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of different abilities and socio-ec
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As in most geographical contexts, t
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3. Legal framework for volunteering
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Non-profit companies: Non-profit co
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such a boundary exists) the arena e
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associations, a large part acting a
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A similar context occurs in the pol
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7. Regular and systematic researchT
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The building of a truly enabling en
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7CHAPTERCVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURE
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2. Volunteering landscapeDefinition
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Table 4: Likelihood of Volunteering
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In the Czech Republic, a system of
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People in Need is a humanitarian or
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VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURECHAPTERDE
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Volunteer is a person who undertake
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However, a recent population survey
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6. FUNDINGOPPORTUNITIESIn Denmark b
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10. Additional countryspecificities
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organisations in the South (mostly
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However, more recent studies from 2
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of those were active in 2007 29 . I
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GroupsSocial and health association
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important role in the development a
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• Agreements with private compani
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• Development of models and estab
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1 0FRCHAPTERANVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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2. Volunteering landscapeIn France,
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works to promote the sector in its
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Some large companies have set up vo
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9. Awareness of volunteeringopportu
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GCHAPTERER1MA1VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides that there is a large secto
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Participation could be used as a st
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In 13 years, thenumber of civilenga
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Each federal state has offices or d
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7. Regular and systematic researchS
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For the establishment of a strategi
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Financial support tovolunteering or
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11. RecommendationsThe Greek Govern
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and merely supposes fill in a form
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the exception of one, where there i
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voluntary activity under larger fra
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A National Strategy for Volunteerin
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Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Secto
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18th and 19th centuries and was epi
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fact that data on volunteering need
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Source:Taskforce on Active Citizens
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Volunteer numbers, importance and c
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Volunteer Infrastructure Volunteeri
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to volunteer and not-for-profit org
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Based on a full review of the needs
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ResourcesCentral Statistics Office
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77.4% of volunteers have ahigh-scho
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organisation, while the remaining 2
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Volunteering is perceived as being
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the voluntary activities in their R
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and political representations to th
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or 2011, the possibility of ceasing
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7. Regular and systematicresearchSy
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CSVnet, 2009. Manifesto of Voluntee
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According to the study, responses o
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In general, the perception of volun
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written certification regarding the
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preparation of different campaigns
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Even though the idea is really nobl
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In Latviathere is nogovernmentalor
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Factum Research Studio, 2010. Aptau
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volunteering. Additionally, 28.5 %
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There are a variety of organisation
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ResourcesOfficial Gazette of Republ
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An indication of the profile of vol
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Page 273 and 274: Moldavian law on volunteering defin
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Page 283 and 284: standpoints” 1 . However, despite
Page 285 and 286: However, the results of research sh
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Page 299 and 300: The total amount of hoursvolunteers
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Page 309 and 310: On the other hand main people’s m
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Page 329 and 330: Holy Houses of MercyThe first Holy
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Page 335 and 336: The resources included refer to ena
Page 337 and 338: Thirdly, the communist legacy of th
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is important. There are many exampl
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4. STRUCTURE of the non-profit sect
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There is a boomin employeevolunteer
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7. Regular and systematic researchI
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10. Additional country specificitie
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2CHAPTERSL6OVENVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTR
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In the Slovenian context, unpaid ac
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The Law on Volunteering represents
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Slovene Philanthropy initiated a pr
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Another widely supported recommenda
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Table 2. Logics (1) of the Vertical
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(1) Each of these logics in the cre
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shows that, within the entities res
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a platform for dialogue between soc
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Businesses also have a role to play
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9. Awareness ofvolunteering opportu
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Fundación La Caixa, 2007. Buenas p
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According to the latest study by th
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part of Switzerland.74% Swiss peopl
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10. Additional country specificitie
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CHAPTER92KUVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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The strategy also expressed concern
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the Office for Civil Society does n
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The reduction in the incomeof the v
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Low N., Butt S., Ellis Paine A. and
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The Scottish governmentbudget for t
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11. RecommendationsWe would strongl
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volunteering than they have roles t
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health and social care services are
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organisation’s reputation. Fifty
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CHAPTER92KUVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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to benefit others or the environmen
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volunteering. At a time when there
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ResourcesCharities Aid Foundation a
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VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURE

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