VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURE

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Table 3. Logics of Horizontal Volunteering InfrastructurePrimary volunteeringorganisationsSecondary volunteeringorganisationsIdeologicalConservativeLiberalSocial-DemocratDissidentReligiousCivic (political)EnvironmentalPhilanthropicDifferent schools of thought coexistand socio-political analysisNormative logicPrivate-publicstandard.Nationalor regionalethical codes.(Plataforma delVoluntariado deEspaña, PVE)• Legal statutes or attested documents(National, Autonomous,Provincial, Regional, Local)• Internal regulationsStatutes (Platforms, coordinators)Code of EthicsStatementsManifestosOrganisationaland ExecutiveLogicPublic-privateorganisationalstructureOrganisations(Federations, networks or platforms)Coordinators, Platform Networks(National, Autonomous, and Provincial)Directive bodiesExecutive bodiesControl bodiesJoint bodies: Councils, Nationaland Regional CommitteesMixed bodiesControl LogicRecordsInternal volunteers or federalentitiesAssociated members.Action LogicPlans, programsand projectsEconomic LogicGrants and concerts.Donations.Remunerated activities.Grants and concerts.Donations.InformationalLogicPromotion,support.Analysis andDiagnosisPublications, studies.Web, MediaPublications, studiesWeb Media.ObservatoriesConferences and meetings.Reports, Surveys, etc.Source: Compiled by the author, Ariño A. (Dir) (2007:540), Ballesteros (2010)380 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 27 Spain
(1) Each of these logics in the creation and maintenance of the infrastructures are done at national, regional,provincial or even at local level.(2) The ideas underlying the design, implementation and functioning of the infrastructures are essential since theymark their direction and shape and they can even be in contradiction because the different levels of the administrativebodies can be influenced by different ideas.Functionality of the different infrastructuresThe different actors forming the infrastructure for volunteering fulfil a variety of roles, accordingto the logic or reasons that inspired them and the form they take. Volunteer organisations,in their vast majority, take the legal form of associations or, less frequently, foundations.The exception to this are organisations considered a “unique entity” (Entidades Singulares),which are overseen by the state, such as the Spanish Red Cross, Caritas, National Organisationfor the Blind (ONCE), which play a major role in social policy and also have large volunteeringprogrammes. In order to ensure coordination and have a stronger weight in dialogue withdifferent stakeholders, volunteer organisations created networks at different levels. Such arefor instance the provincial networks (federations or platforms), regional platforms and nationalones respectively. These bodies have the role of promoters and supporters of volunteering. Foran organisation, belonging to a network or platform supposes legal and social support, as well asa self-acceptance of internal regulations and code of ethics.On the other hand, government bodies have also established structures aimed to keepvolunteering under the radar, promote, organise, promote and fund volunteering. The formsthat these bodies have adopted are: Directorate General within a Ministry, Councils in some ofthe regional governments, regional agencies of volunteerism or institutes for volunteering inothers and offices for volunteering in many provinces and cities in Spain. In most regions, thesestructures have joint, public and NGO participation.Governmental structures for volunteering have certain control mechanisms over organisations,not only in terms of their registration policy but also through their funding policies. Onemay argue the degree of independence of voluntary organisations if we consider that publicauthorities can decide on the needs and issues in the volunteering sector for which funding isdedicated.The role of analysis, research and dissemination of information is carried out mainly byplatforms and volunteer resource centres, whether alone or in collaboration with public entitiesat the national or regional level. The national platform and some of the regional structuresestablished Volunteer Observatories 1 for this purpose. Their efforts are disseminated throughdigital magazines, newsletters, publications and events, such as congresses, conferences andtraining courses.2. Volunteering landscapeThe most widely accepted definitions of volunteering could be considered those that have beenincluded in the different laws that have been published. In Spain there is currently one nationallaw on volunteering and 15 regional laws, presented under the sub-chapter on legal framework.According to Spain’s Law 6/1996 on Volunteering, the concept of volunteering refers to general1. Such are the observatories established geographically: Observatorio Nacional del Voluntariado, or thematically: Observatorio Andaluz deVoluntariado Universitario, Observatorio de Voluntariado Corporativo etc.381 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 27 Spain
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CONTENTS6810-18Foreword John Macdon
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FOREWORDAs is now widely known, we
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The European Year of Volunteering (
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1. VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURECONCE
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5. Other stakeholdersIn terms of th
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Local Volunteer Service of Tirana,
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In our opinion there is an ambivale
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in CSR projects. Companies with sig
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10. Additional countryspecificities
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3CHAPTERLBEDUTCH-SPEAKINGCOMMUNITYG
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2. Volunteering landscapeVolunteeri
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operates as a volunteer support cen
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8. Ethics and quality standardsfor
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nominated by the King, which are th
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schools have parent associations wh
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8. Ethics and quality standards for
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ResourcesBelgian Red Cross, 2011. G
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To conclude, in Bosnia and Herzegov
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can state that more volunteering wi
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4. Structure of the non-profit sect
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Herzegovina include CSR in their po
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2. Recommendations for local author
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CRO5CHAPTERATIVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides the principles embedded in
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The National Strategy for the Creat
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Only 6% of theorganisationswho had
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promotional activities, with the ai
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Recommendations on a European level
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of different abilities and socio-ec
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As in most geographical contexts, t
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3. Legal framework for volunteering
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Non-profit companies: Non-profit co
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such a boundary exists) the arena e
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associations, a large part acting a
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A similar context occurs in the pol
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7. Regular and systematic researchT
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The building of a truly enabling en
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7CHAPTERCVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURE
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2. Volunteering landscapeDefinition
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Table 4: Likelihood of Volunteering
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In the Czech Republic, a system of
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People in Need is a humanitarian or
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VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURECHAPTERDE
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Volunteer is a person who undertake
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However, a recent population survey
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6. FUNDINGOPPORTUNITIESIn Denmark b
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organisations in the South (mostly
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However, more recent studies from 2
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of those were active in 2007 29 . I
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GroupsSocial and health association
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important role in the development a
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• Agreements with private compani
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• Development of models and estab
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1 0FRCHAPTERANVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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2. Volunteering landscapeIn France,
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works to promote the sector in its
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Some large companies have set up vo
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9. Awareness of volunteeringopportu
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GCHAPTERER1MA1VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides that there is a large secto
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Participation could be used as a st
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In 13 years, thenumber of civilenga
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Each federal state has offices or d
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7. Regular and systematic researchS
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For the establishment of a strategi
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Financial support tovolunteering or
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11. RecommendationsThe Greek Govern
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and merely supposes fill in a form
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the exception of one, where there i
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voluntary activity under larger fra
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A National Strategy for Volunteerin
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Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Secto
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18th and 19th centuries and was epi
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fact that data on volunteering need
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Source:Taskforce on Active Citizens
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Volunteer numbers, importance and c
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Volunteer Infrastructure Volunteeri
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to volunteer and not-for-profit org
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Based on a full review of the needs
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ResourcesCentral Statistics Office
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77.4% of volunteers have ahigh-scho
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organisation, while the remaining 2
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Volunteering is perceived as being
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the voluntary activities in their R
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and political representations to th
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or 2011, the possibility of ceasing
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7. Regular and systematicresearchSy
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CSVnet, 2009. Manifesto of Voluntee
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According to the study, responses o
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In general, the perception of volun
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written certification regarding the
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preparation of different campaigns
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Even though the idea is really nobl
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In Latviathere is nogovernmentalor
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Factum Research Studio, 2010. Aptau
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volunteering. Additionally, 28.5 %
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There are a variety of organisation
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ResourcesOfficial Gazette of Republ
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An indication of the profile of vol
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The introduction of new elements, s
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volunteers forming part of the Prog
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with an organisation as part of the
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Civil Society FundAdministered by t
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ResourcesChapter 327 of the Laws of
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1MOCHAPTER9LDVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUC
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Moldavian law on volunteering defin
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ResourcesState Register of Legal Ac
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standpoints” 1 . However, despite
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However, the results of research sh
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ageing population in the Netherland
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Netherlands. Volunteer centres also
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Service-learning in the Netherlands
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The total amount of hoursvolunteers
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A successful European Year of Volun
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Be aware of the changing motivation
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CHAPTER2O2PVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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The Polish third sectorconsist of a
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On the other hand main people’s m
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The Council of Volunteer centres Ne
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5. Other stakeholdersCompaniesVolun
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involve them in shaping the Union
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7. Regular and systematic researchR
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“volunteer friendly criteria”.
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An importantobstacle forvolunteerin
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iblioteka.ngo.pl/public/ksiazki/wol
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Page 329 and 330: Holy Houses of MercyThe first Holy
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Page 335 and 336: The resources included refer to ena
Page 337 and 338: Thirdly, the communist legacy of th
Page 339 and 340: udgets at all levels. One of the ma
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Page 369 and 370: In the Slovenian context, unpaid ac
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Page 403 and 404: The strategy also expressed concern
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to benefit others or the environmen
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volunteering. At a time when there
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ResourcesCharities Aid Foundation a
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