VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURE

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1. <strong>VOLUNTEERING</strong> <strong>INFRASTRUCTURE</strong>CONCEPT DEFINITIONIn Wales the volunteering infrastructure constitutes the network of volunteer centres, countyvoluntary councils and the national development agency, Wales Council for Voluntary Action(WCVA).They are committed to work together to deliver a common range of services, to commonstandards across Wales, funded by the Welsh Government. This agreement was formalised in2006, in what is known as the Partnership Agreement. Welsh Government funding was securedfor a five-year period, and monitoring arrangements are in place.A key resource for the volunteering infrastructure in Wales is the bilingual website volunteeringdatabase www.volunteering-wales.net. This is the front line publicity for volunteeringopportunities. Opportunities are uploaded by volunteer centres and the website is managed byWCVA.It is accepted that volunteering takes many forms, including informal acts of neighbourlinessthrough to regular, committed activity on behalf of a constituted organisation. The volunteeringinfrastructure promotes the range of volunteering but the focus of its activity is on what we call“formal volunteering”.Volunteering needs to be defined for particular purposes. Grant schemes, for example, may needto define what constitutes “volunteering” for its purpose, whilst volunteer award schemes maydefine differently what constitutes a “volunteer”.2. Volunteering landscapeThere is no single accepted definition of volunteering, and there is no legal definition.The definition used by the Welsh Government is as follows:Volunteering is an important expression of citizenship and is an essential component of democracy. Itis the commitment of time and energy for the benefit of society and the community and can take manyforms. It is undertaken freely and by choice, without concern for financial gain.Volunteering is seen as taking place between individuals (informal) as acts of altruism orreciprocity, or mediated by an organisation (formal volunteering). There is no age limit, butstatistics are collated on those aged 16 years and over, which is related to ideas of when a personmight undertake paid employment. Within an organisation volunteering includes both activity430 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 29 UK - Wales
to benefit others or the environment and activity to maintain the group, through fundraising,organising activities, representation or leadership. Volunteers are most commonly involved innon-profit organisations as board members/trustees or as managers/organisers or helpers. Theyare also involved in public sector organisations, such ashospitals, the police and coastguard services. Privatecompanies are encouraged to support volunteeringopportunities for their staff, including pro bono workand team activities. Sometimes they directly involvevolunteers (in private care homes, for example).New forms of volunteering appear:“timebanking“ (where individuals givetime to the community in exchange ofuse of leisure facilities) or “micro-volunteering“(brief actions undertaken, forexample, on a mobile phone).Our understanding of volunteering is being broadenedby new forms of voluntary engagement such as“timebanking” (where individuals give of their time in their community in exchange for timecredits which allow them to access “rewards” such as, for example, the use of leisure and culturalfacilities), “micro-volunteering’ (brief actions undertaken, for example on a mobile phone), theinclusion of a volunteering placement in the curriculum for educational qualifications andschemes which aim to provide experience and skills to enable people to access employment.Estimates of informal volunteering vary greatly depending on the way the question is asked, andsurveys in Wales have given estimates of up to 78% of adults indicating they have done somekind of informal volunteering in the last year. There are approximately 1,130,000 adults whovolunteer or “help out” at activities in third sector organisations in a year. This represents abouttwo in five of all adults. Of these, about 410,000 people would identify themselves as a volunteerif you asked them, as many people do not see activities helping local groups, such as communityassociations, school parent teacher groups, sports or hobby clubs as volunteering. There are230,000 governance posts in third sector organisations. These are probably filled by a lowernumber of people, as people are often members of more than one management group.Older people, women and those with higher levels of educational achievement are more likely tosay they volunteer in a survey. People in Wales whose first language is Welsh are also more likelyto volunteer than those whose first language is English.3. Legal framework for volunteeringand its implementationMuch of the legal context for volunteering relates to the whole of the UK.Employment law defines the rights of employees, including the right to a minimum wage. It isimperative that volunteer-involving organisations avoid creating, even unwittingly, a “contract”with their volunteers which would render them subject to all the implications of employmentlaw. Generally this is achieved by the use of informal language, maximising flexibility andcreating a culture of mutual respect with volunteers.Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs sets out guidance regarding permissible mileage allowanceswhen transport is used in the course of volunteering and guidance concerning the paymentof out of pocket expenses without incurring a tax liability. This is particularly relevant wherevolunteers are in receipt of social benefits, since overpayment of volunteer expenses can beconstrued as income, which could jeopardise benefit payments.431 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 29 UK - Wales
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CONTENTS6810-18Foreword John Macdon
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FOREWORDAs is now widely known, we
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The European Year of Volunteering (
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1. VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURECONCE
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5. Other stakeholdersIn terms of th
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Local Volunteer Service of Tirana,
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In our opinion there is an ambivale
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in CSR projects. Companies with sig
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10. Additional countryspecificities
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3CHAPTERLBEDUTCH-SPEAKINGCOMMUNITYG
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2. Volunteering landscapeVolunteeri
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operates as a volunteer support cen
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8. Ethics and quality standardsfor
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nominated by the King, which are th
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schools have parent associations wh
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8. Ethics and quality standards for
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ResourcesBelgian Red Cross, 2011. G
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To conclude, in Bosnia and Herzegov
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can state that more volunteering wi
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4. Structure of the non-profit sect
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Herzegovina include CSR in their po
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2. Recommendations for local author
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CRO5CHAPTERATIVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides the principles embedded in
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The National Strategy for the Creat
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Only 6% of theorganisationswho had
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promotional activities, with the ai
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Recommendations on a European level
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of different abilities and socio-ec
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As in most geographical contexts, t
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3. Legal framework for volunteering
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Non-profit companies: Non-profit co
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such a boundary exists) the arena e
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associations, a large part acting a
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A similar context occurs in the pol
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7. Regular and systematic researchT
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The building of a truly enabling en
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7CHAPTERCVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURE
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2. Volunteering landscapeDefinition
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Table 4: Likelihood of Volunteering
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In the Czech Republic, a system of
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People in Need is a humanitarian or
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VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURECHAPTERDE
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Volunteer is a person who undertake
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However, a recent population survey
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6. FUNDINGOPPORTUNITIESIn Denmark b
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organisations in the South (mostly
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However, more recent studies from 2
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of those were active in 2007 29 . I
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GroupsSocial and health association
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important role in the development a
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• Agreements with private compani
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• Development of models and estab
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1 0FRCHAPTERANVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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2. Volunteering landscapeIn France,
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works to promote the sector in its
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Some large companies have set up vo
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9. Awareness of volunteeringopportu
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GCHAPTERER1MA1VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides that there is a large secto
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Participation could be used as a st
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In 13 years, thenumber of civilenga
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Each federal state has offices or d
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7. Regular and systematic researchS
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For the establishment of a strategi
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Financial support tovolunteering or
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11. RecommendationsThe Greek Govern
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and merely supposes fill in a form
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the exception of one, where there i
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voluntary activity under larger fra
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A National Strategy for Volunteerin
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Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Secto
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18th and 19th centuries and was epi
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fact that data on volunteering need
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Source:Taskforce on Active Citizens
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Volunteer numbers, importance and c
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Volunteer Infrastructure Volunteeri
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to volunteer and not-for-profit org
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Based on a full review of the needs
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ResourcesCentral Statistics Office
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77.4% of volunteers have ahigh-scho
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organisation, while the remaining 2
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Volunteering is perceived as being
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the voluntary activities in their R
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and political representations to th
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or 2011, the possibility of ceasing
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7. Regular and systematicresearchSy
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CSVnet, 2009. Manifesto of Voluntee
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According to the study, responses o
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In general, the perception of volun
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written certification regarding the
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preparation of different campaigns
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Even though the idea is really nobl
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In Latviathere is nogovernmentalor
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Factum Research Studio, 2010. Aptau
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volunteering. Additionally, 28.5 %
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There are a variety of organisation
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ResourcesOfficial Gazette of Republ
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An indication of the profile of vol
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The introduction of new elements, s
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volunteers forming part of the Prog
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with an organisation as part of the
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Civil Society FundAdministered by t
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ResourcesChapter 327 of the Laws of
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1MOCHAPTER9LDVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUC
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Moldavian law on volunteering defin
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ResourcesState Register of Legal Ac
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standpoints” 1 . However, despite
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However, the results of research sh
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ageing population in the Netherland
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Netherlands. Volunteer centres also
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Service-learning in the Netherlands
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The total amount of hoursvolunteers
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A successful European Year of Volun
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Be aware of the changing motivation
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CHAPTER2O2PVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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The Polish third sectorconsist of a
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On the other hand main people’s m
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The Council of Volunteer centres Ne
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5. Other stakeholdersCompaniesVolun
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involve them in shaping the Union
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7. Regular and systematic researchR
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“volunteer friendly criteria”.
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An importantobstacle forvolunteerin
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iblioteka.ngo.pl/public/ksiazki/wol
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Holy Houses of MercyThe first Holy
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2CHAPTER4ROVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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The resources included refer to ena
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Thirdly, the communist legacy of th
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udgets at all levels. One of the ma
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Within the registered non-profit en
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Educational institutionsVolunteerin
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In 2011, more than1,6 million Roman
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hypothesis of constant growth in th
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members of the network, meeting rep
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11. RecommendationsRomania has a lo
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25SLCHAPTERVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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It’s difficult to define thesitua
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is important. There are many exampl
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4. STRUCTURE of the non-profit sect
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There is a boomin employeevolunteer
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7. Regular and systematic researchI
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10. Additional country specificitie
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2CHAPTERSL6OVENVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTR
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In the Slovenian context, unpaid ac
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The Law on Volunteering represents
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Slovene Philanthropy initiated a pr
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Another widely supported recommenda
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VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURE

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