VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURE

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Following Max Weber’s two main logics on social activism, which setdistinctions between the purposive/instrumental rationality (logic) and thevalue/belief-oriented rationality (logic), we can identify a reasoning thatled to the creation of volunteering infrastructure both “vertically”, in termsof infrastructure created by the state and “horizontally”, when it comes toinfrastructure created by the volunteering movement. The infrastructurefor volunteering has been constituted on the basis of ideological reasonsand sometimes seeking compliance with other values and purposes aimed atachieving a rationalization of the sector.Table 1. Logic Purposive and Value Oriented RationalityThe logic of ideasIdeological logicWith the logic of ideas we refer to ideologies underlying political parties/politicalgroups and therefore to those who govern at any given time an administrationand that have an impact in the infrastructures of volunteering. Theideologies are fundamental to understand the infrastructure of volunteeringin Spain. The territorial organisation of the Spanish State generates differentideas at national, regional, province and municipality levels. This means thatwe have similar ideas (conservative, liberal, socialist) or very diverse onesthat are then mirrored into measures and services equally similar or differentdepending on the territory.Normative logicBy normative logic we mean the set of rules and laws (in any form: Law,Decree, Order, Statute of Autonomy, etc.) that have been used by governmentsto regulate volunteering or the regulations that the organisationsthemselves have made.Organisational and Executive LogicHere we refer to agencies that manage volunteering policies that differentadministrations put forward. Such bodies can be only administrative or alsomixed, that meaning that there is participation of the voluntary movement.Control LogicBy control logic we mean all the instruments that governments have createdto control the organised voluntary movement. These control systems havean accreditor or enabler character since they are used to legalise and by thatempower an organisation or to accredit them in order to finance them.Economic LogicWe understand that economic logic is what allows volunteering organisationsto create different sets of funding.Informational LogicThe means by which the national and regional governments advertise volunteering.Media, publications, events etc.378 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 27 Spain
Table 2. Logics (1) of the Vertical Infrastructure for VolunteeringThe logic ofideas.Ideological (2)Conservative.Liberal.Social-DemocratMixed-MediterraneanWhich are present in governments: general, regional or provincial/ local.Normative logicStandards andRegulations forestablishment,operation,funding ofvoluntaryorganisations.TypeScopeExtensionLaw, Decree, Order, Statute of AutonomyNational, Autonomous, Provincial, Regional, LocalAll types of volunteering: social, environmental, cultural,civic volunteering, etc.Organisationaland ExecutiveLogicPublicOrganisationalStructureGeneraladmin. bodies,autonomous andprovincial• Ministry, Departments, Agencies, Offices, etc.• Directorate (Welfare, Culture, Education,Justice, Interior, Environment)• Provincial Delegation• Joint bodies: Administration and voluntary organisations ofcoordination and consultation.• Public foundations.• Unique entities: ONCE, Red Cross, Caritas.• Boards, Commissions, InstitutionsVolunteeringplansExtensionor fieldNational, Autonomous, Provincial, Regional, LocalControl LogicRegisters withaccreditor andenablercharacterGeneral orspecificTerritorial scopeNational, Autonomous, Provincial, Regional, LocalAssociations, Foundations by volunteering areas (social,cultural, environment, development cooperation)Economic LogicProgrammesGrants and/orconcerts and/oragreementsIndirect: Universities, etc.Directly to NGOs: National, Autonomous, Provincial,Regional, LocalInformationalLogicPromotion andsupport.Analysis andDiagnosisConferences andworkshopsPublicationsWeb, MediaNational, Autonomous, Provincial, Regional, LocalNational, Autonomous, Provincial, Regional, LocalObservatories,StudiesNational, Autonomous, Provincial, Regional, LocalConferences andmeetingsReports, SurveysNational Congress, Congress or ConferencesAutonomous, Provincial, Regional, LocalSource: Compiled by the author, Ariño A. (Dir) (2007:540), Ballesteros (2010)379 Volunteering infrastructure in Europe 27 Spain
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CONTENTS6810-18Foreword John Macdon
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FOREWORDAs is now widely known, we
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The European Year of Volunteering (
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1. VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURECONCE
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5. Other stakeholdersIn terms of th
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Local Volunteer Service of Tirana,
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In our opinion there is an ambivale
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in CSR projects. Companies with sig
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10. Additional countryspecificities
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3CHAPTERLBEDUTCH-SPEAKINGCOMMUNITYG
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2. Volunteering landscapeVolunteeri
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operates as a volunteer support cen
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8. Ethics and quality standardsfor
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nominated by the King, which are th
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schools have parent associations wh
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8. Ethics and quality standards for
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ResourcesBelgian Red Cross, 2011. G
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To conclude, in Bosnia and Herzegov
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can state that more volunteering wi
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4. Structure of the non-profit sect
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Herzegovina include CSR in their po
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2. Recommendations for local author
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CRO5CHAPTERATIVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides the principles embedded in
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The National Strategy for the Creat
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Only 6% of theorganisationswho had
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promotional activities, with the ai
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Recommendations on a European level
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of different abilities and socio-ec
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As in most geographical contexts, t
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3. Legal framework for volunteering
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Non-profit companies: Non-profit co
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such a boundary exists) the arena e
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associations, a large part acting a
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A similar context occurs in the pol
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7. Regular and systematic researchT
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The building of a truly enabling en
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7CHAPTERCVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURE
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2. Volunteering landscapeDefinition
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Table 4: Likelihood of Volunteering
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In the Czech Republic, a system of
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People in Need is a humanitarian or
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VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTURECHAPTERDE
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Volunteer is a person who undertake
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However, a recent population survey
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6. FUNDINGOPPORTUNITIESIn Denmark b
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organisations in the South (mostly
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However, more recent studies from 2
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of those were active in 2007 29 . I
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GroupsSocial and health association
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important role in the development a
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• Agreements with private compani
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• Development of models and estab
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1 0FRCHAPTERANVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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2. Volunteering landscapeIn France,
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works to promote the sector in its
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Some large companies have set up vo
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9. Awareness of volunteeringopportu
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GCHAPTERER1MA1VOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRU
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Besides that there is a large secto
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Participation could be used as a st
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In 13 years, thenumber of civilenga
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Each federal state has offices or d
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7. Regular and systematic researchS
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For the establishment of a strategi
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Financial support tovolunteering or
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11. RecommendationsThe Greek Govern
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and merely supposes fill in a form
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the exception of one, where there i
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voluntary activity under larger fra
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A National Strategy for Volunteerin
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Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Secto
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18th and 19th centuries and was epi
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fact that data on volunteering need
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Source:Taskforce on Active Citizens
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Volunteer numbers, importance and c
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Volunteer Infrastructure Volunteeri
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to volunteer and not-for-profit org
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Based on a full review of the needs
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ResourcesCentral Statistics Office
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77.4% of volunteers have ahigh-scho
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organisation, while the remaining 2
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Volunteering is perceived as being
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the voluntary activities in their R
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and political representations to th
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or 2011, the possibility of ceasing
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7. Regular and systematicresearchSy
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CSVnet, 2009. Manifesto of Voluntee
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According to the study, responses o
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In general, the perception of volun
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written certification regarding the
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preparation of different campaigns
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Even though the idea is really nobl
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In Latviathere is nogovernmentalor
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Factum Research Studio, 2010. Aptau
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volunteering. Additionally, 28.5 %
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There are a variety of organisation
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ResourcesOfficial Gazette of Republ
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An indication of the profile of vol
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The introduction of new elements, s
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volunteers forming part of the Prog
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with an organisation as part of the
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Civil Society FundAdministered by t
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ResourcesChapter 327 of the Laws of
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1MOCHAPTER9LDVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUC
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Moldavian law on volunteering defin
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ResourcesState Register of Legal Ac
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standpoints” 1 . However, despite
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However, the results of research sh
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ageing population in the Netherland
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Netherlands. Volunteer centres also
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Service-learning in the Netherlands
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The total amount of hoursvolunteers
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A successful European Year of Volun
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Be aware of the changing motivation
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CHAPTER2O2PVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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The Polish third sectorconsist of a
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On the other hand main people’s m
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The Council of Volunteer centres Ne
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5. Other stakeholdersCompaniesVolun
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involve them in shaping the Union
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7. Regular and systematic researchR
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“volunteer friendly criteria”.
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An importantobstacle forvolunteerin
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iblioteka.ngo.pl/public/ksiazki/wol
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Page 327 and 328: 3. Legal framework for volunteering
Page 329 and 330: Holy Houses of MercyThe first Holy
Page 331 and 332: 8. Ethics and quality standards for
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Page 335 and 336: The resources included refer to ena
Page 337 and 338: Thirdly, the communist legacy of th
Page 339 and 340: udgets at all levels. One of the ma
Page 341 and 342: Within the registered non-profit en
Page 343 and 344: Educational institutionsVolunteerin
Page 345 and 346: In 2011, more than1,6 million Roman
Page 347 and 348: hypothesis of constant growth in th
Page 349 and 350: members of the network, meeting rep
Page 351 and 352: 11. RecommendationsRomania has a lo
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Page 355 and 356: It’s difficult to define thesitua
Page 357 and 358: is important. There are many exampl
Page 359 and 360: 4. STRUCTURE of the non-profit sect
Page 361 and 362: There is a boomin employeevolunteer
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Page 369 and 370: In the Slovenian context, unpaid ac
Page 371 and 372: The Law on Volunteering represents
Page 373 and 374: Slovene Philanthropy initiated a pr
Page 375 and 376: Another widely supported recommenda
Page 377: 1. VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURECONCE
Page 381 and 382: (1) Each of these logics in the cre
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Page 385 and 386: a platform for dialogue between soc
Page 387 and 388: Businesses also have a role to play
Page 389 and 390: 9. Awareness ofvolunteering opportu
Page 391 and 392: Fundación La Caixa, 2007. Buenas p
Page 393 and 394: 1. VOLUNTEERING INFRASTRUCTURECONCE
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Page 403 and 404: The strategy also expressed concern
Page 405 and 406: 3. Legal framework for volunteering
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Page 409 and 410: The reduction in the incomeof the v
Page 411 and 412: 9. Awareness of volunteeringopportu
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CHAPTER92KUVOLUNTEERINGINFRASTRUCTU
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to benefit others or the environmen
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volunteering. At a time when there
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ResourcesCharities Aid Foundation a
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