18COLD DAYS - A NOVEL AND A FILMAuthor: When my novel "Cold Days" and later in the film based on the novel appeared, I wasreproached for the fact that I had discussed only the injustices committed by Hungarians withouteven mentioning the ten times greater Serbian vendetta, something nobody else had mentionedeither.Interviewer, What was your aim when you revealed in 1960 things that had happened duringthree days in January 1942 in Novi Sad.A: among others, I wanted to tell everything that was committed in the confusion of war, againstinnocent Serbian and Jewish people, at the command of a few blood-thirsty officers, unworthyof the Hungarian nation.I: Did you have another intention besides naming the delinquents, as if taking the responsibilityupon yourself instead of the innocent Hungarian nation.A: Yes. I hoped that there would be a Serbian writer who would reveal in response the cruelseries of massacres that paranoid, sadistic Serbians committed against tens of thousands ofinnocent Hungarians in Voivodina in the autumn of 1944.I: Were your hopes fulfilled in the form of Serbian writers making the same symbolic act ofcollective regret, if not a confession for their crimes like the one you had made in Cold Days .A: None of my hopes were fulfilled. A few Serbian writers voiced their opinion that in WorldWar II almost two million people lost their lives in their country, so these few tens of thousandsof Hungarians should not be of interest to them, especially not as writers.I.: Did not the memory of these forty thousand Hungarians weigh upon your soul.A.: Of course it did! The cries addressed to me have put more and more of a burden on myconscience, making me understand, although too late, that I should have presented the Serbianvendetta at the same time as the executions and murders committed by Hungarians. However,this was not possible at the time.I.: How did you react to the indifference of the Yugoslav writers.A.: The only thing I could do was to make myself a promise, as soon as it is possible to cry outlaud about the cruel weeks of those blood-curdling events, the massacre of innocent Hungariansin Vojvodina in 1944, I will do my best. That is why I have written this <strong>book</strong>.Budapest, April 199219Vendetta. Retaliation Multiplied:WAS THE MASS-MURDER COMMAND ISSUED?In October 1944 the Hungarian Army abandoned Bacska (Vojvodina) and shortly afterthe Red Army, under the command of Marshal Malinovsky, crossed the Tisza river. Following
the Russians and under their protection, Tito's partisans, the so-called People's Liberation Army,took over the defenseless territory.The Serbian troops arrived under very strict order in Bacska, they had to "show thestrongest possible determination against fifth columnists, especially against Germans andHungarians".The term "fifth column" is applied to the subversive and resistant forces andorganizations left behind by a retreating "enemy".The National Committee for People's Liberation and the Red Army had agreed on thenecessary cooperation in due time. The partisans were well aware of their bloody task.About the establishment of the military government, Josip Broz Tito said the following,"The liberation of Bacska, Banat and Baranya requires the quickest possible return to normal lifeand the establishment of the people's democratic power in these territories. The extraordinaryconditions under which these territories had to live during the occupation, and the necessity thatwe overcome all the misfortunes of our people caused by the occupying forces and foreign ethnicgroups requires that, in the beginning, the army concentrate all power in order to mobilize theeconomy and carry on the war of liberation more successfully."Brigadier General Ivan Rukovina was appointed commander of the militaryadministration. He was in constant and direct contact with Tito, the supreme commander. In hisfirst decree, he ordered his troops to "protect the national future and the Southern Slaviccharacter of the territories". <strong>This</strong> sentence was meant to encourage the alteration of the existingethnic proportions, in today´s terms, ethnic cleansing.In the Oct. 28, 1944 issue of "Slobodna Vojvodina", the newspaper of the People'sLiberation Front in Voivodina, one member of the Regional Committee of the YugoslavianCommunist Party summarized the intentions suggested from above, which were to be plantedinto the heads of the fierce partisans, "Although we destroyed the occupying German and20Hungarian hordes and drove them back to the west, we have not yet eradicated the roots of thepoisonous weeds planted by them... The hundreds of thousands of foreigners who were settled onthe territories where our ancestors had cleared the forests, drained the swamps, and created theconditions necessary for civilized life. These foreigners still kept shooting at our soldiers and theSoviet soldiers from the dark. They do everything they can to prevent the return to normal life,preparing, in the midst of this difficult situation, to stab us in the back again at the appropriatemoment... The people feel that determined, energetic steps are needed to ensure theYugoslavian character of Bacska."The title of the article, "Historic Decision", clearly demonstrates that it <strong>contains</strong> not anindividual's brain-child but the guiding principles of the higher leadership unashamed offalsifying history as well as the present. The historical falsification is that it presents the Serbs asthe ancient inhabitants of the area who were deprived of their lands by intruding foreign ethnicgroups over the centuries. The contemporary falsification is that one of the allegedly intrudingnations, the Hungarians, kept shooting at the partisans from the dark, which is nothing else thanthe tactics typical of the Serbian snipers called chetniks (later the communist partisans)employed against Hungarian soldiers during the reoccupation of Bacska.In reality, the Hungarians living in Bacska, although lots of weapons were laying aroundthe fields after the front passed through, did not fire a single bullet either at the Russian soldiersmarching through or at the Serbian partisans who came into power.
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82FROM SZENTFULOP TO THE GAKOVA CAM
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My mother died on January 4, 1946.
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Jozsi, the leader of our committee
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his own grave, then machine gunned
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driving a wheelbarrow on the sidewa
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"Now that's exactly what we needed
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15 Istvan Polyakovics, Zenta, 18861
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idge was built (from several rows o
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There is a common opinion among the
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The Catholics of the village were o
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and their supporters. On one occasi
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"My younger brother, Bandi, was tak
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two young instructors staying in he
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In Tunderes (Vilova) there was no o
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weeks spent starving, laying on str
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121PACSERAt Pacser sixteen Serbians
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piece of land, there are three rows
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"I understood that through the OZNA
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took the priest under their protect
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"We set off from Hadikliget on Octo
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everyone to the front! The Party us
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137REPORT OF LOSSESIn addition to o
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141Source: Zlocini okupatora u Vojv
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well as in words, that there had be
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The American military forces delive
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culpability or participation are th
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The accused did not make use of his
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the spirit of revenge among the Hun
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considered all the claims of Hungar
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The People's Court of Budapest just
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From then on all hell breaks loose.
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Recommended readingeRudolf Kiszlion