The accused did not make use of his court against these murders, but commissioned theprincipal criminal, General Czeydner, whose reports seemed more powerful in his eyes than anyproof. His unconditioned belief in the reliability of a general, originating from the military castesolidarity, brought the result of horrible death of thousands of innocent people including womenand children.Months later he initiated a court-martial against the murderers, but as early as August he hadalready stopped the proceedings against them. Some of them including Grassy, he put up forpromotion regardless of the outcome of a possible trial. After eighteen months, submitting tooutward pressure, he is forced to initiate the procedure again through his court. In spite of hisprosecutors repeated proposal he denies the arrests and they all escaped to Germany, who maywell be said to stand on the same level of morality. The accused commemorated the horriblecrime in a melancholy officer's order of the day, regarding it this time as a national catastrophe.Up to that time, he had regarded the raid as152the brave and heroic deed of the Hungarian soldier. <strong>This</strong> fundamental switch of conviction aftereighteen months was due only to the murderers' escape .All these facts concerning the accused, the National Council has already consideredagainst him, and included them in the war crime defined under the first article of the P.C.,paragraph 11. Although they do not share the characteristics of the direct action carried out withthe purpose explicit in the quoted article, they were in connection with it. Originating from auniform volition, the behaviour of the accused realized the war crime in some of its details wasevaluated as belonging to the same ideological circle."A Yugoslavian delegation, whose responsible jurist member was Dr. VladimirGavrilovics, solicitor from Novi Sad, exercised political pressure and referred it to theapproaching peace-negotiations. They demanded the extradition of Ferenc Szombathelyi and theprincipal criminals, who were already condemned in the case of the raids at Novi Sad for thepurpose of a local Yugoslavian legal proceedings.<strong>This</strong> Vladimir Gavrilovics was the counsel of the wealthy Serb landowner andindustrialist Gyorgy Dungyerszky in Bacska. He was the man, who had rescued the Nabob'sfamily in January 20, 1942, following an order by telephone from Novi Sad. He had taken themto Budapest, forgetting about his own family. He had not been warned of the imminent dangerand all his relatives apart from his old father fell victim to the bloodshed. In the demand for theculprits, the thirst for direct revenge brought extraordinarily strong arguments, although they hadalready received their final verdict; the severest metted out. They argued that "The decision ofthe Hungarian judicial authorities will have influence on the outcome of the approaching peacenegotiations!" .Obviously this has been one of the most important arguments that the Hungarianauthorities yielded.The victorious powers signed the peace treaty with the Hungarians or forced the treaty onthe Hungarians at the Paris Peace Conference on August 24, 1946.Our Foreign Minister, Janos Gyongyosi, and the members of the Hungarian delegationmade and expressed wishes only in relation with the population and territories of
Czechoslovakia and Romania. There were no reproachful conclusions drawn against Yugoslavia,although the letter from Esztergom relating to the murder of 40-50 thousand Hungarians inBacska was likely to have been in Gyongyosi's pockets. They did not dare mention153grievances of the invasion of North Torontal and North Bacska, both parts of the remnants ofHungary defined by Trianon in the 1920 Peace Treaty by Serbian partisan gangs withoutauthority in September and October. <strong>This</strong> meant plundering, ransoming and kidnapping. On oneoccasion they forced their way into the railway station of Szeged with an armored train. Afterhaving plundered food and clothes, they returned with full wagons to Serbian territory.The attack and indictment by the Yugoslavian "peace-delegate" in concern with thePeace Treaty with Hungary took place on August 24, 1946:"Today we have started the debate of the Hungarian Treaty Proposal, said the Serbdelegate, Edward Kardelj; I would like to relate the Yugoslavian delegation's viewpoint withsome general remarks:The Yugoslavian nations for centuries have been the victims of Hungarian feudal lordsand chauvinists, who had been possessed by the idea of expansion for the creation of the St.Stephen's Crown's State. The St. Stephen's State was to expand to the Adriatic, which pursued aviolent policy against our population, and backed all policies which aimed at the weakening ofthe Yugoslavian nations and states.There are various forms of Hungarian assaults against the Yugoslavians, such as thesubjugation and violent assimilation in the first centuries, when the Hungarians and theYugoslavians got in touch on the Pannon Plateau. There had been the expansion of the regime oncertain parts of Yugoslavian national territories; the policy that lasted through several centuriesuntil the Turkish invasion. There had been the vehement and repeated pursuit of theYugoslavians, their relocation and murder after the great defeat from the Turks. There was apolicy of national oppression and permanent Magyarization with new methods in recent times,especially after the compromise of 1867 between Austria and Hungary. Horthy infected theHungarian nation with revisionist ideas, who based its policy on the revival of the St. StephenEmpire."The opening argument is abundant in blatant falsifications of history. In the beginning ofour <strong>book</strong>, we related in accordance with historiography, that at the time of the Hungarianconquest, there was only a thin Bulgarian and Slavic population on the South Plain; theinfiltration of Serbs was to come in the following centuries. It was especially the consequence ofthe northward-154bound expansion of the Turkish Empire. The Serbs had their rights, and demanded more andmore of them; they suffered no violent assimilation."The Hungarian imperialists and chauvinists were incapable of accepting the bordersfixed in the peace treaty of Trianon after World War I. They nursed permanent resentment and
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Library of Congress Catalogue Card
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Mutilation of the hands or feet wit
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they wanted to belong. On the annex
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individuals, then shooting them by
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the Russians and under their protec
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22PEOPLE OF BEZDAN1.On a May aftern
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26that those people all fell victim
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ack a 13 year-old boy to the soccer
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Russian officers cursed and told th
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Jani was set free for he had been a
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There were some people who, in spit
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March 12, 1945. The relatives of th
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Ferenc Csapo, 33 Mihaly Miovacs, 18
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Having heard about the advance of t
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"On November 3, I got up at five in
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The vicar would come every night. H
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hand. Raising it to his mouth, he d
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"24th October, 1944. Yesterday was
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"I have only one chance to be sacri
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The data, which shows that on the s
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all the captured Serbs, as neither
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Before and during World War II, the
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would order fire in an instant. Wit
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Our house looked out over the main
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He had just arrived home after thre
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28. Jozsef Pasztor, 34 56. Albert G
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The OZNA officer, who exhumed a mas
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7917 year old Karoly and 8 year old
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82FROM SZENTFULOP TO THE GAKOVA CAM
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- Page 122 and 123: Recommended readingeRudolf Kiszlion