"On November 3, I got up at five in the morning. As I went from the cottage to the spareroom, I heard our small door slamming. So did my father, who was rubbing down the horses inthe barn, where there were two cows as well.Before the reoccupation of the village, he had already received his draft-card from theHungarian Army. Then he and my mother had decided that he would be hiding in our farm in theSziget, where no one would find him. He had taken two calves with him.On November 2, 1944, it was growing dark when my father returned with the two calves.In the evening, when we went to bed, he said that the war was over for us, and soon we would behappy again. In the morning he spoke to me for the last time, saying, "Pray for me, son." It wasthe first Friday of the month and I observed a novena (a Catholic Friday prayer service). Rightafter high mass, partisans surrounded us with grenades in their belts, levelling their machineguns at us. The men, also observing a novena, were separated immediately and dragged off toIsterbac. It is true that everyone who observes First Friday will not die without being absolved. Ido not know the exact number of the victims, but I am sure that they had all received the HolyCommunion. By the time I got home, the partisans had already taken away my father. He was tounearth tanks that hindered the partisans' advance. My mother asked them whether a shovel wasneeded, but they answered that everything that was needed could be found there.In the morning, the town crier was walking around in the village, reading aloud anannouncement, which said that all the people able to move should be on the soccer field by noon,and those found at home would be shot dead. At about two in the afternoon, the46partisans began driving the villagers together with machine guns. At around three they tolled thechurch-bells and started the massacre. My father may have been one of the first victims. In theevening we had to leave our home, and father had not returned.Mother hitched the horses to the wagon on which we had loaded food and clothes. We wereabout to leave for our farm, when two Russian soldiers entered our yard and unharnessed thehorses. We could hardly make them understand that we were badly in need of horses. Then theybrought two pony-like ones, but mother had to adjust the harness, as it did not fit these smallhorses. We set off for the farm with mother and my father's mother, practically pushing thecarriage and the two exhausted horses, we arrived late.There was already a rumor going about, that the gathered people were all killed at 3 o'clock inthe afternoon. The victims were told that, in the event that they should resist, the whole villagegathered on the soccer field would be massacred. They were tortured from morning to 3 o'clock,first in a cellar then in a shed. A record player was on, while the partisan woman sitting on ahorse watched the people being driven into the water in groups of ten. Those dressed well wereforced to strip, so some of them had only their underwear on when they died. My father wasordered to take off his brogue, winter coat, and watch.Mother went to look for father, but in vain. During the executions, a German plane wastaking photos, and this allowed three men to escape across the river.When mother returned with the news that she had been unable to find my father, we stillhoped that he would appear, since there was a forest next to the river, and the farm behind it with3 acres of land, that belonged to mother. We were hiding in the farm, when we saw soldiersapproaching. After a while a mounted militia-man came looking for mother, he told her thatfather had been one of the massacred victims, and the place they had left him. Mother and some
of our relatives went there and buried my father, but they could dig just one spade deep since theground was already frozen.The Militia man said that the corpses of two boys from Hercegszanto, workers of theHangya (Coop General Store), and other corpses were covered with water and could not havebeen buried. The militia dug a common grave and laid 24 dead bodies there. A militia man toldthe others to check on the river once again. They entered the murky river hand in hand. One ofthem bumped into something, then all of them went there and found another corpse. They couldnot pull it to the shore, so they47brought two or four horses (I do not know exactly) from the farm in Isterbac, and harnessedthem. The horses dragged the dead man out of the water with a chain hooked to the neck of hiscoat. The militia- men laid him into the grave as the 25th victim, he was my father.My mother's married sister was hiding a 20 year-old man, Sanyi Zezula, in her loft.Looking for men, the partisans entered her house too. My aunt said, "My husband is here!" Theyreplied, "He is too old, isn't there a younger man here," My aunt answered, "My son is hiding inthe loft." "That's who we want! Ask him to come down!" He was shot dead.The two grandmothers lifted a door off the hinges, laid his body on it, wheeled him home on aWheelbarrow, and laid him on a bed. When the partisans came, they expelled the grandmothersfrom the house and found the dead boy in the bed. Since they thought that he had been apartisan, they wanted to massacre the village in revenge. However, a militia-man soothed themexplaining that the boy was a Hungarian and had been killed in Isterbac. Therefore, bothgrandmothers and all of us were saved."The new occupying army was Bulgarian. We asked them to help rebury the dead in thecemetery. On March 25, 1945, the exhumation began. At the entrance of the village, there was alimebarrel with shoe disinfectant in it. No one was allowed to enter or leave the village. Graveswere dug in three rows in the cemetery, the hearses came one after the other with two coffins oneach, and the kinsmen followed the carriages. Those in the fore of the march had already reachedthe cemetery, when we left from home.In my father's inside pocket, we found a photo of my sister and me, soaked with his blood,except for a small part covered by a 10-pengo bill, I still have this photo. In the cemetery twopartisans caught my mother and me and threw us into the cellar of the parish hall. Our vicar waslooking for us, and told the partisans that he would not bury the dead until we were released, sothey set us free. The vicar was my grandfather's schoolmate.When we entered our house we found 60 Angora rabbits, 40 sheep, 2 cows, 2 calves,some 100 hens, geese, and ducks in one room. Someone stole the sow, and the piglets, and theshop was robbed (My father was a tradesman.).Mother and my younger brother had to work at the hemp factory, a part of which had belongedto our family. Every 24 hours, I was compelled to look after the injured partisans at theinfirmary, I was escorted by armed partisans, I felt horrible.48
- Page 3 and 4: Library of Congress Catalogue Card
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"My younger brother, Bandi, was tak
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two young instructors staying in he
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In Tunderes (Vilova) there was no o
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weeks spent starving, laying on str
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121PACSERAt Pacser sixteen Serbians
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piece of land, there are three rows
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"I understood that through the OZNA
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took the priest under their protect
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"We set off from Hadikliget on Octo
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everyone to the front! The Party us
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137REPORT OF LOSSESIn addition to o
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141Source: Zlocini okupatora u Vojv
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well as in words, that there had be
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The American military forces delive
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culpability or participation are th
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The accused did not make use of his
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the spirit of revenge among the Hun
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considered all the claims of Hungar
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The People's Court of Budapest just
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From then on all hell breaks loose.
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Recommended readingeRudolf Kiszlion