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134 CIRIA C709
Hand-held computersGiven the coordinates and levels of primary setting-out stations hand-held computers with suitable programs can beused to calculate bearings and distances to generated or defined points, obviating the need for small calculators andfield books, and with less likelihood of error.CIRIA C709135
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C709 London 2007Setting-outprocedur
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PrefaceSetting-out procedures for t
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Roads: earthworks and drainage 95Ro
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ProfileProjection distanceShoulderS
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never work alone:- in confined spac
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Surveying instrumentsIt is assumed
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VerticalOptical tilting or automati
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Specialist tapesThe use of a certif
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Checks: physical and calculationThe
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Recording and informingKeeping reco
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Initial actionsBefore starting to s
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Instructing the site assistantA goo
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Difficult ambient conditionsPoor li
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Base and grid linesAlthough grid co
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Grid coordinatesThe ease of providi
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LinesLocation of control pointsCont
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Offset pegsNeed for offset pegsOrig
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Measurement with tapesTaping remain
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Horizontal anglesSimple techniquesS
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BenchmarksEach site should have a p
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Levelling instrumentsWhether the si
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Global Positioning System (GPS)GPS
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Profiles and travellersStandardisat
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Establishing the verticalVerticalit
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Circular curvesUsing the centre poi
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Obstructions and slopesAll possible
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LasersOnly a cursory overview of la
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Sewers and drains: initial checksBe
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Sewers and drains: line and levelCe
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Sewers and drains: junctionsEstabli
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Sewers and drains: manholesManholes
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Sewers and drains: common and deep
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Sewers and drains: Information shee
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Buildings and structures: locationB
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Buildings and structures: pilingRes
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Buildings and structures: excavatio
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Buildings and structures: slabs & f
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Buildings and structures: columns a
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Buildings and structures: tall stru
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Buildings and structures: circular
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Buildings and structures: curved wa
Page 83 and 84: Roads: checking drawingsBefore sett
Page 85 and 86: Roads: general proceduresProving th
Page 87 and 88: Roads: line chronologyEstablishing
Page 89 and 90: Roads: horizontal curvesCircular cu
Page 91 and 92: Roads: vertical circular curvesIn t
Page 93 and 94: Roads: levelsThe site engineer shou
Page 95 and 96: Roads: earthworks and drainageExist
Page 97 and 98: Roads: embankmentsSetting-out edge
Page 99 and 100: Roads: cuttingsSetting-out edge peg
Page 101 and 102: Roads: crossfallsIt is important to
Page 103 and 104: Roads: footways and kerbsWhen roads
Page 105 and 106: River works: bearing pilesRiver and
Page 107 and 108: River works: sheet pilesMethod of i
Page 109 and 110: Tunnelling: from ground levelTunnel
Page 111 and 112: Tunnelling: constructing shaftsSett
Page 113 and 114: Tunnelling: from shaftsTransferring
Page 115 and 116: Tunnelling: gradients, profiles & l
Page 117 and 118: Tunnelling: around curvesOffice pro
Page 119 and 120: Appendix A: Contractural aspectsRes
Page 121 and 122: Appendix B: Care & checking of equi
Page 123 and 124: Appendix C:National Grid, benchmark
Page 125 and 126: Appendix D:Road layout: traditional
Page 131 and 132: Appendix E: MOSS data for roadsData
Page 133: Appendix F: use of computersThe use
Page 137 and 138: Appendix G: useful formulaeSimpsons
Page 139 and 140: ICE/ICES (1997)Management of settin
Page 141 and 142: CIRIA C709141
Page 143: CIRIA C709143
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