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GlossaryAssistantAzimuthBearingBenchmarkBoning (-in)Boning rodBorrow pitChainageChord pointsCollimation, line ofCrossfallDatum levelDatumDeflection angleFalseworkForkheadFormation levelFormworkGalileoGLONASSGNSSGPSGround distanceHSEIntersection pointInvertKickerMOSSPartial coordinatesPPEppmAssistant to setting-out (site) engineer (in the past aka chainman)Angle measured from True NorthAngle measured from Grid NorthA height reference point or mark of known levelSighting over profiles at travellers and establishing formation depths etcUpright and rail forming a tee, 1 to 1.5 m high. Used when boning between two otherboning rods of equal heightPit supplying soil for construction of a road or other foundationDistance along a line from an origin or datum point (formerly measured in chains,hence chainage)Points on a curve defining a chordOptical axis of a telescope: also the line of sight through an instrument when sethorizontalGradient on cross-section of road to shed water to one or both sidesHorizontal plane of assumed (or actual) level from which other levels are determinedHorizontal, vertical or 3-dimensional coordinate reference definitionAngle between the tangent and a chord at a point on a curveTemporary structure needed to construct permanent worksScaffolding component supporting falsework beamExcavation level (height) on which permanent works constructedForms used to constrain fluid concrete to a desired shapeDeveloping European GNSSGlobal’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (Russian GNSS)Global Navigation Satellite Systems (the generic term for satellite navigation systems,includes GPS, GLONASS and Galileo)Global Positioning System (US GNSS)True (actual) horizontal distance over the ground; the physical measurement of thisdistance (see also Projection distance)Health, Safety and the Environment – a priority for all site engineersIntersection of tangents from tangent pointsLowest internal level, at a given cross-section, of a pipe, channel or tunnelConcrete ‘step’ used to locate vertical formsProprietary software for modelling three-dimensional surfacesCoordinates of a point relative to another on the same grid. They are the algebraicdifferences between the eastings and northingsPersonal Protective EquipmentParts per million6 CIRIA C709
ProfileProjection distanceShoulderSight railSoffitSummitTangent pointTemporary worksTotal coordinatesTotal StationTrammel TravellerTrench sheetTribrachValleyWhole Circle BearingA site marker delineating the shape/level etc of a construction element at that locationDistance calculated between coordinated points on a geodetic, eg National Gridprojection (see also Ground distance)Unpaved width at edge of road sectionHorizontal or sloping rail of profileLower surface of slab, bridge or similar structureA high point on a road surfacePoint defining start or finish of a curveTemporary construction needed to construct permanent worksCoordinates of a point referenced by eastings and northings relative to the origin of agridA combined distance and angle (electronic) measuring survey instrumentRod used in describing arcs about a fixed centre for curved walls etcSteel sheet used in supporting trench sidesThe three-armed support frame on which an instrument is mountedA low point on a road surfaceAngle measured clockwise from grid NorthCIRIA C7097
Page 1 and 2: C709 London 2007Setting-outprocedur
Page 3 and 4: PrefaceSetting-out procedures for t
Page 5: Roads: earthworks and drainage 95Ro
Page 9 and 10: never work alone:- in confined spac
Page 11 and 12: Surveying instrumentsIt is assumed
Page 13 and 14: VerticalOptical tilting or automati
Page 15 and 16: Specialist tapesThe use of a certif
Page 17 and 18: Checks: physical and calculationThe
Page 19 and 20: Recording and informingKeeping reco
Page 21 and 22: Initial actionsBefore starting to s
Page 23 and 24: Instructing the site assistantA goo
Page 25 and 26: Difficult ambient conditionsPoor li
Page 27 and 28: Base and grid linesAlthough grid co
Page 29 and 30: Grid coordinatesThe ease of providi
Page 31 and 32: LinesLocation of control pointsCont
Page 33 and 34: Offset pegsNeed for offset pegsOrig
Page 35 and 36: Measurement with tapesTaping remain
Page 37 and 38: Horizontal anglesSimple techniquesS
Page 39 and 40: BenchmarksEach site should have a p
Page 41 and 42: Levelling instrumentsWhether the si
Page 43 and 44: Global Positioning System (GPS)GPS
Page 45 and 46: Profiles and travellersStandardisat
Page 47 and 48: Establishing the verticalVerticalit
Page 49 and 50: Circular curvesUsing the centre poi
Page 51 and 52: Obstructions and slopesAll possible
Page 53 and 54: LasersOnly a cursory overview of la
Page 55 and 56: Sewers and drains: initial checksBe
Page 57 and 58:
Sewers and drains: line and levelCe
Page 59 and 60:
Sewers and drains: junctionsEstabli
Page 61 and 62:
Sewers and drains: manholesManholes
Page 63 and 64:
Sewers and drains: common and deep
Page 65 and 66:
Sewers and drains: Information shee
Page 67 and 68:
Buildings and structures: locationB
Page 69 and 70:
Buildings and structures: pilingRes
Page 71 and 72:
Buildings and structures: excavatio
Page 73 and 74:
Buildings and structures: slabs & f
Page 75 and 76:
Buildings and structures: columns a
Page 77 and 78:
Buildings and structures: tall stru
Page 79 and 80:
Buildings and structures: circular
Page 81 and 82:
Buildings and structures: curved wa
Page 83 and 84:
Roads: checking drawingsBefore sett
Page 85 and 86:
Roads: general proceduresProving th
Page 87 and 88:
Roads: line chronologyEstablishing
Page 89 and 90:
Roads: horizontal curvesCircular cu
Page 91 and 92:
Roads: vertical circular curvesIn t
Page 93 and 94:
Roads: levelsThe site engineer shou
Page 95 and 96:
Roads: earthworks and drainageExist
Page 97 and 98:
Roads: embankmentsSetting-out edge
Page 99 and 100:
Roads: cuttingsSetting-out edge peg
Page 101 and 102:
Roads: crossfallsIt is important to
Page 103 and 104:
Roads: footways and kerbsWhen roads
Page 105 and 106:
River works: bearing pilesRiver and
Page 107 and 108:
River works: sheet pilesMethod of i
Page 109 and 110:
Tunnelling: from ground levelTunnel
Page 111 and 112:
Tunnelling: constructing shaftsSett
Page 113 and 114:
Tunnelling: from shaftsTransferring
Page 115 and 116:
Tunnelling: gradients, profiles & l
Page 117 and 118:
Tunnelling: around curvesOffice pro
Page 119 and 120:
Appendix A: Contractural aspectsRes
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix B: Care & checking of equi
Page 123 and 124:
Appendix C:National Grid, benchmark
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix D:Road layout: traditional
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Appendix E: MOSS data for roadsData
Page 133 and 134:
Appendix F: use of computersThe use
Page 135 and 136:
Hand-held computersGiven the coordi
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix G: useful formulaeSimpsons
Page 139 and 140:
ICE/ICES (1997)Management of settin
Page 141 and 142:
CIRIA C709141
Page 143:
CIRIA C709143
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