Edited by James E. Palmer and Russell R. Dutcher - University of ...

own sandstone that crops out in the roadcutto the right (east) lies close to the top of theMansfield Formation. This sandstone, iikemany of the sandstones in the Mansfield, isquite micaceous.Buckingham's Base Line is noted on the roadsidehistoric marker on the right (east). Thisprimary east-west survey line was establishedby Surveyor-General Jared Mansfield and runby Surveyor Ebenemer Berckit-rgham, Jr., in'1804. It intersects the Second Principal Meridianin Orange County at the "Pivot Point."U.S. 231 follows the approximate route of the"'Buffalo Trace" for the next 0.5 mile(0.8 km). The Buffalo Trace was a path 10 to20 feet (3 to 6 m) wide created by buffaloherds that migrated from lllinois to Kentuckywhere they wintered over and returned toIllinois along the same route in the spring.Early settlers took advantage of the well-worntrail, using it for travel and commerce.Junction of Indiana Route 56 and U.S. 231on south edge of Waysville, B ndiana; continuenorth on U.S. 231.intersection in center ofCrossing the approximate position of theMariah Hill Coal Bed (Mansfield Forrnation)at the bend in the road.Exposures of the rocks of the Mansfield Formationthat lie between the BlueMember and the Mariah Will Coalroadcuts on both sides (fig. IN-4).the Blue Creek Coal Member is exposed in theditch beside the driveway on the left (west)side of the cut just before tEast Fork White River. Thehighly variable in thieknhence, mining is limited to small-scale operationswhere thickneable. The Mariah Hillin this roadcut, but ilies at the top of the river bluff.Cross East Fork of White River and enterMartin Countyy. Martin ounty was organizedin 1820 and named for Major John P. Martinof Newpor t, Kentucky.Scattered exposures of fine-grained, ripplemarkedsandstones of the upper Mansfieldin roadcuts for theExposure of Mansfield Formation sandstoneon left (west).Excellent exposure of the Blue Creek CoalMember and associated strata it7 the roadcutto the right (east). The micaceous, wavybeddedsandstones and shales that dominatethis exposure (fig. IN-5) are the typical lithologiesof the upper Mansfield. Resistant,ledge-forming sandstones, such as the one seennear the top of this exposure, are often themore prominent lithologies of the upperMansfield.Exposure of the micaceous, wavy-beddedsandy shales and ripple-marked sandstones ofthe upper Mansfield Formation that overliethe Bsue Creek Coal Member. A thin, organicrichbed about 12 feet (3.7 m) above roadSUPPLEMENTARYLITHOLOGYSYMSC LS1 NDSTON \VVCROSSBFDIBLACK FISSILE SHALECOALUNDERCLAYFigure IN-4.LITHOLOGY-'%LENTICULARLENSESExposure of part of the Mansfield Formationat Day I, mileage 98.6.SUPPLEMENTARYSYMBC LSLENTiCULARLENSESpd SHALE. LIMESTONE 11 "K- LC--v] BLACK FISSILE SHALCOAL}=d UNDERCLAYFigure IN-5."LANT F0SSIl.SExposure of part of the Mansfield Formationat Day I, mileage 102.7.FIELD TRIP SIWOAD LOG