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NO Anvil RockApproximate areaof Stop 4. . _ . . . . . 1-20 ft (0.3-6 rn) thick Proposed site. .. . ..of new pitFigure IL-19. Extent and thickness of the Anvil Rock Sandstone Member in Eagle Valley Syncline.lower to high volatile C bituminous over much of thenorthern and western areas of the Illinois Basin CoalField.Samples taken at the working face of this mine inJuly 1978 contained 38 to 41 percent volatile matter(dmmf), decreasing as the seam develops downward.The ash is consistently about 11 to 12 percent in thethree benches.Figure I L-20. Channel phase, Anvil Rock Sandstone, highwall of Eagle Surface Mine. The BreretonLimestone has been locally removed bystream erosion and is replaced by channelfilldeposits of the Anvil Rock Sandstone.At other localities, channel-fill depositslocally replace the underlying Herrin (No. 6)Coal. A small fault (about 1 foot C0.3 m]displacement), which may be related to thenearby Grindstaff Fault (fig. I L-191, extendsdiagonally across the highwall.Leave Stop 4.Anvil Rock Sandstone Member in roadcut.Bridge over Eagle Creek. Eagle Creek flowsgenerally eastward on the south limb of theEagle Valley Syncline and empties into theSaline River a short distance east (right) of thehighway.Approximate location of axis, Eagle ValleySy ncl ine.Four new houses, closely adjacent. Roadcurves to left (northwest).Road rises on north limb of Eagle ValleySyncline; note broad southward dip slopes.Route passes through area of nearly vertical
, ,ldll " \. . .I, ?,,.a,.11s mural dep~cting a salt minrng operation is in Gallatin County~urthouseLocated West side oflll~nols 1 2 4 mlles south ofthe lunctbon 01 lll~no~s 1 and17 near Equalily, cr - 6, ?,'Tf UhD P:A ,>.,." C'"..,"THE UNITED STATES SALINES [EQUALITY]Figure IL-21. Near-vertical siltstone and shale of CaseyvilleFormation, Shawneetown Fault Zoneon west side of new Illinois Route 1 roadcut.Bluff above bedrock surface is loess.rocks of the Caseyville Formation (fig. I h-21).Major fault of the Shawneetown Fault Zone islocated at base of ridge adjacent to bridgeover Saline River. Area of intensely fracturedand slickensided sandstone is located about100 feet (30 rn) to the left (west). North ofthe Shawneetown Fault, rocks of the CarbondaleFormation are at the surface and dip at alow angle (about 1" or less) toward the northeast.These rocks appear to be almost totallyunaffected by the complex structural deformationsouth of the Shawneetown Fault zone.The vertical displacement there is about 1,000feet (305 m).To the west (left), several saline springsare located along the fault zone (fig. 1L-22).The brine evidently seeps t~ the surface withinthe fault zone from deeply buried stratathat contain connate salt water.45.7 Large white house on hill to left front (northwest)is known as "'The Old Slave Housel"I%ig.1 L-23).47.2 Historical marker (fig. i k-24). Memorial toGeneral Michael I(. Lawler.47.5 intersection at stop sign with new lllinoisRoute 13. Turn left (west).49.4 Bridge over North Fork of the Saline River.50.3 Turn left (south) on Calhoun Street, Equality,Ulinois. Equality was incorporated in 1872.Originally known as Gallatin City, its namewas changed to Equality in honor of an oldT:io salt spr1nq5 In Gallatin County produced br~ne for one of theearhest salt works wpst of the Alleghen~es One sprlng IS lust southwestof Equal~ly and the other IS a short dlstance west of thls slte The lnd~ansmade sdlt here long before the f~rst settlers appeared In 1803 the lnd~ansceded lhe~r gredt salt sprlng to the Unlted States by treaty Congressrpfused to spll the salt lands cn the public doma~n but 11 d ~d author~ze theSecrrtary of the Treasury to lease them to lndlv~duals at a royalty Thelea5eC7 reqwred the holder to produce a certain quantity of salt each year orpaf a penallyAlthough the Northw~st Ordinance proh~b~ted slavery In thls areaspec~al tcrritor~aldws and constitutional provlslons perm~tted exceptionsat these sahnes The lessees brought In Negroes as slaves or Indenturedservants and used them extenswely In manufaclurlng salt The census of1820 for Gallat~n County llsted 239 slaves or servantsIn 1818 as part of the process of mak~ng a new state Congress gave thesalines to lll~nois but forbade the sale of the land The state cont~nued tol~ase the spr~ngs and used the revenue to f~nance part of ~ts opeiatlngexpenses Evenludlly Congress alloued the outrlght sale of the land Thecornmerc~al product~on of salt cont~nued here unt~l about 1873 when thelow price for salt made the expense of extract~ng ~t from the br~neFigure IL-22. Historical marker and photograph depictingearly salt-mining operations in southeasternIllinois. (Photograph courtesy of the IllinoisState Historical Library. Marker and otherinformation courtesy of Brevet Press, Inc.)French fort. The old Turner Opera House indowntown Equality was built in 1899 and wasa center of entertainment during the firstquarter of this century.City water tower; bear right around circle.Turn right (south) on Calhoun Street.Stop sign. Turn right (west) on Lane Street.Old Turner Opera House (Sallie's House ofPlenty) on right.Turn left (south) on Walnut Street.Bridge over Saiine River. Wildcat Hills (highridge directly ahead) are formed by rocks inthe steep northern limb of Eagle ValleySyncline. The north face of the ridge is a resequentfault-line scarp of the ShawneetownFault Zone. Sandstone of the Caseyville Formationcrops out on the ridge; rocks of theChesterian Series (upper Mississippian) cropout along the Bower slopes adjacent to theShawneetown Fault Zone.ed barn ahead on right. Turn right (west) ongrave[ road. Hiiis to right front are underlainby No. 5 and No. 6 Coals. The croplines ofboth coats have been surface mined. Fault-linescarp visible to left.T-intersection, Turn right (west). Route parallelsbase of fault-line scarp and is located onFIELD TRIP 9/ROAD LOG
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Edited by James E. Palmer and Russe
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Day 6. Carbondale, I l linois, to s
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Please note that the individuals li
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The lllinois Basin Coal Field has b
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TrowbridgeGeiger LukeCalhounShelbyv
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&/ Anticline 7 Downs Antlcl~nc)( Sy
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Organizational day. New armony, Ind
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Figure IN-1.Field trip route for In
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Entering Gibson County, which was o
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is similar to that exposed in highw
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own sandstone that crops out in the
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THOLOGYSANDSTONESILTSTONESUPPLEMENT
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AREA ADAPTED FROMMALOTT (1931)- ---
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heyday of the spas, from about 18as
Page 33 and 34: f . Quarrying was then extendedunde
Page 35 and 36: were mostly 2 to 4 feet (.6 to 1.2
Page 37 and 38: Monday, May 28, 1979DAY 2. Hawesvil
Page 39 and 40: FIELD TRIP S/ROAD LOG
Page 41 and 42: FIELD TRIP 91ROAD LOG
Page 43 and 44: fill sequence of dark shaie, sandst
Page 45 and 46: - 800w_I aJWest East ,.- 0+D5--:0 w
Page 47: Engineers. The reservoir, completed
Page 51 and 52: Geiger Lake CoalLisman CoalCarthage
Page 53 and 54: IGeneral settingPlaza eastbound.Exi
Page 55: Soil profile omittedlevel of Parkwa
Page 58 and 59: Strata of the Permian System were r
Page 60 and 61: Mine, on the right for the next few
Page 62 and 63: the southeastern corner of the Illi
Page 64 and 65: Figure KY-23.Field trip route for K
Page 66 and 67: a few feet to as much as 3,000 feet
Page 68 and 69: STOP 1.STOP 2A.STOP 2B.STOP 3.STOP
Page 70 and 71: Would you know the thrilling storie
Page 72 and 73: Board buses and proceed west on par
Page 74 and 75: SoilSandy shaleShale, carbonaceousC
Page 76 and 77: south rim of Eagle Valley Syncline
Page 78 and 79: Figure 11-1 3.Extensively cross-bed
Page 80 and 81: Leave Stop 28.Intersection with acc
Page 82 and 83: weathering. Heavy minerals are stab
Page 86 and 87: Figure IL-23. Old Slave House on Hi
Page 88 and 89: Surface mining in this area removed
Page 90 and 91: ThicknessIm)lft)Sandstone; thin and
Page 92 and 93: (south) side of the road, where Anv
Page 94 and 95: Leaders: George #I. Fraunfelter and
Page 96 and 97: oadcut consists of about 170 feet (
Page 98 and 99: Figure I L-36.Large-scale planar cr
Page 100 and 101: Abbott and Caseyville formations, U
Page 102 and 103: FaciesAbandoneddistributarychannelA
Page 104 and 105: Glacial drift. Undifferentiated, gr
Page 106 and 107: Board buses, Holiday Inn parking lo
Page 108 and 109: Anvil Rock Sandstone filling channe
Page 110 and 111: Table 1 L-1 . Description of strata
Page 112 and 113: WELawsonShaleMbr. \BreretonLimeston
Page 114 and 115: Harrisburg (No. 5) CoalIApproximate
Page 116 and 117: Table I L-2. Characteristics and in
Page 118 and 119: General geologic settingHarvey, Ill
Page 120 and 121: Table I L-3. Lithology and paleonto
Page 122 and 123: l important geographical data relat
Page 124 and 125: '98-LL -d'ZZ uo!le3![qnd lepads '0
Page 126 and 127: SIEVER, R., 1951, The Mississippian
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