RMZ â MATERIALI IN GEOOKOLJE

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у 3 b400 D = f eShemetov, P. A., Bibik, I. P.К3fKecharge relative to locking charge withplacing the latter in the main blastholewas maintained by various length ofshock-wave tubes (SWT) for lowerand upper boosters with their concurrentinitiating by dentonator of surfacenetwork and was about 7 ms at 2000m/s detonation speed in SWT. In orderto delay the primary charge relative tolocking charge in aditional blasthole acombination of retardants rating (25,42 and 67) ms in surface network wasused. As a result, an interval betweenexplosion of the primary charge andlocking charge was between 17–25ms. It has been established that applicationof locking charge in additionalblasthole has increased extent of rocksolid breaking by 8–10 % and reducedspecific BE consumption by 3 %.Application of emulsion explosiveformulations (EEF) with controlledvolume concentration of explosionenergy applicable for charging dryand watered blastholes, together withcombined structure of charges makes itpossible to meet in practice any technologicalchallenges of DBO owing toavailable park of drilling rigs. This circumstancepromotes increasing heightof benches that allows of reducingquantity and length of transport horizons,increasing open pit wall slope,enhancing intensity of mining in deepopen pits. Moreover, engineering andeconomical performance of open pitmining is increasing.D =K f=HуCtgα+ CbHКCtgαK+ C55,A procedure of high bench blasting has4been developed, 55K which main point consistin 4the 0.1 following. σ Rocks are brokenf=0.1σcom ,comby Q a pair of divergent blasthole charges.VSpecifically, = one blasthole in each pairis KBEQVdrilled 0 = K perpendicularly to bench toe,BEand QV0 the second one – towards benchslope ∆with incline to the toe. Verticalaand K∆= inclined blastholes are arrangedain K parallel =∆r∆vertical planes spaced apartby distance ∆r equal to 1–2 diameters ofblasthole Qequivalent in terms of chargeenergyad =to total, mQ charge in a pair of divergentad =qHblastholes.у , m Blasthole angle andlimit benchqHу height are determined bythe following formulas:1.13Hqβ = arctg ,deg ree;1.13 d H qβ = arctgeγ,deg ree;deγ(11)π ⋅γ2de− 2cπq⋅γН = 2de− 2c, m2 ⋅ ctg q αН =, mwhere α,2β⋅–ctganglesαof bench slope andinclination of bast blastholes bastσin cluster; Нtσt– D дbench = D0 height; 2 bast d e−– 2diameter bast + of 1chargehrequivalent = 2in terms throf 2 charge tD energy 1 toдDσt0−σt +hrhrtotal charge in σt a cluster σof t blastholes;q – specificnBE consumption; γ – densityof ∑ncharging lопi BE in a blasthole; c –i=1lsafety ∑berm.lд= оп − ( 1.5...5. 0) diadholeдi=1lд=n− ( 1.5...5. 0) dadholeдEffectiveness n of the developed procedureof high bench blasting hasbeen tested experimentally during reactivationof western wall of Muruntauopen pit mine. An area of the pit<strong>RMZ</strong>-M&G 2012, 59
Physicotechnical substantiation of parameters of blasting operations in deep ...401wall to be blasted included four 15m benches, which were combined intwo 30 m benches during the experiment.Diameter of blastholes was 250mm. Blastholes network was 7 m × 7m. Specific BE consumption was 0.95kg/m 3 . Charge structure was combined(EBE and ANFO). In a pair ofdivergent blastholes the BE charge wasplaced in vertical and inclined (β = 65 ° )blastholes.Study of size composition of the blastedrock mass by photo-planimetricmethod has shown that average size offragments of rock mass does not exceed22–25 cm (under similar conditionson benches of 15 m height it was27–30 cm.)A wide range of changing mining-andgeologicalproperties of rocks in deepopen pits requires an individual approachduring blasting of rocks withdifferent bastards occurred in less hardhosting rocks. When blasting the solidwith hard interlayers on narrow operatingbenches in a large deep open pit it isnecessary to ensure their proper blastingand formation of compact shotpilethat is uniform by fractional composition.This can be achieved by placingBE in areas of occurrence of bastardsor by increasing duration of explosioneffect. These two approaches arecombined in the developed technologyof blasthole BE air-cushioned chargewith concavity in bottom part of thecharge. In order to raise the charge tothe level of bastards, in the bottom partof the blasthole an air cushion of 1–2 mlength is formed, and to blast the lowerpart of the solid a concavity is madein the bottom part of BE charge. BEcharge is initiated at height of 2/3–3/4of the charge length. An air gap madewith concavity forms a jet which createsa chock wave directed downwardsand sidewards off a blasthole. In turn,stress waves from cumulative (cavity)charge directed upwards produce secondarybreaking (fragmentation) of upperrock. Directing energy of a part ofa BE charge towards bottom of blastholeincreases duration of explosioneffect on the solid and forms two stresswaves having impact on the wholesolid. Conducted researches based onphysical simulation and pilot blastinghave established that more efficientplacement of BE charge is at the depthoff the bastard up to 1/2 its thickness,at the seam thickness of 1.5 m; and at1/3 its thickness at the seam thicknessof less than 1/4 bench; immediately underthe seam or partially in the seamat the seam thickness of more than 1/4bench height.A blasting procedure for rocks withdifferent bastards has been developed,as a result of which the effectivenessof breaking different bastards (hard inclusions)has increased due to takinginto consideration the main propertiesof hosting rocks, bastards and used BE<strong>RMZ</strong>-M&G 2012, 59
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IVTable of Contents - KazaloProfess
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Calculation of stress-strain depend
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() = (, )() () ()Calculation
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, ) (, )(, ) 1 () + = (, ) =
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RMZ - Materials and Geoenvironment,
Page 23 and 24: Petrochemical characteristics and g
Page 34 and 35: 360 Akinola, O. O., Talabi, A. O.A
Page 36 and 37: 362 Akinola, O. O., Talabi, A. O.of
Page 38 and 39: 364 Sunmonu, L. A., Adagunodo, T. A
Page 66 and 67: 392 Shemetov, P. A., Bibik, I. P.in
Page 68 and 69: 394 Shemetov, P. A., Bibik, I. P.
Page 70 and 71: k =1.05+Dλ = 1+k =( s )396 Shemeto
Page 72 and 73: 398 Shemetov, P. A., Bibik, I. P.si
Page 76 and 77: V4BEK Q σBEad = ,commQрσV 01 +
Page 78 and 79: 404 Shemetov, P. A., Bibik, I. P.wh
Page 80 and 81: thrмR iλ = 2 λ= 100⋅exp[ −(
Page 82 and 83: qLevel of average technical (theore
Page 84 and 85: .6670.05=0.35k1,05+D avet( s3≥ Kt
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Page 88 and 89: 414 Adewale, A., Olawale, O. O., Ma
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Page 104 and 105: 430 Kos, A., Dervarič, E.novega ve
Page 106 and 107: 432 Kos, A., Dervarič, E.diamond w
Page 108 and 109: 434 Kos, A., Dervarič, E.chines to
Page 110 and 111: 436 Kos, A., Dervarič, E.the best
Page 112 and 113: 438 Kos, A., Dervarič, E.Before th
Page 114 and 115: 440 Kos, A., Dervarič, E.nally to
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Page 118 and 119: 444 Lajovic, A.disc brakes, further
Page 120 and 121: 446 Lajovic, A.Slika 2. Izrez iz Si
Page 122 and 123: 448 Lajovic, A.Livne lonce smo na n
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450 Lajovic, A.Ingersol pa je bil z
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452 Lajovic, A.Med delavci, ki so b
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454 Lajovic, A.imel vsak delavec na
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456 Lajovic, A.Slika 5. Izdelki Že
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458 Lajovic, A.pa se ni najbolje iz
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460 Lajovic, A.za delo. Promet na z
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462 Lajovic, A.Sredi osemdesetih le
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464 Lajovic, A.njem delu forme. Na
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466 Lajovic, A.Enourni film je mars
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470 Medved, J., Rosina, A., Vončin
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472 Author’s IndexAuthor`s Index,
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Contents476Phase contrast method fo
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Contents47859/4Calculation of stres
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Instructions to authors481Compositi
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Instructions to authors483NAVODILA
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Instructions to authors485Knjige:Ro
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Template487TEMPLATEThe title of the
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Template489References (Times New Ro
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