Reducing Ethnic Profiling in the European Union - Open Society ...

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General principles of good practice in community outreach:The nature and purpose of community engagement needs to be clearly definedEnsure that all those participating understand what is meant by “communityinvolvement” and what are the aims and expected outcomes of that involvement.Be clear about who should be involved and why.The methods of involvement must be tailored to the purpose of engagement.Employ a combination of mechanisms to obtain a broader picture of the issuesthat need addressing and involve a wider number of voices in decision-making.Involve a mix of local persons broadly representative of the individuals, groups,businesses, or organizations considered to have an interest.Take steps to ensure that all parts of the community are involved, including marginalizedgroups, vulnerable people, and others who may be hard to reach orhear. This includes being sensitive to divisions within communities and the useof appropriate tools of engagement for different groups.Define clear accountability structures including terms of reference and protocolsfor involvement mechanisms. It is important that community members understandhow their input will be used.Help communities build the capacity to hold the police accountable throughenhancing necessary skills and expertise.Community policing functions through a geographical or neighborhood approachrather than an ethnically-based approach. Law enforcement should contact alllocal organizations, rather than single out religious institutions or organizationsrepresenting specific minority groups which may risk stigmatizing them.Communication must be continued through changes in law enforcement personneland through the evolution of the groups in the community.The community must be treated as a partner, listened to—including on sensitiveissues of ethnic profiling and discrimination—and responded to through concreteactions. A partnership approach should be taken through each step of the process;including planning and agenda setting.Officers must be sensitive to potentially controversial events and take measuresto manage and mitigate negative impacts on community relations.Materials and meetings must be translated into appropriate languages.Senior police leadership must support consultation initiatives and emphasize theimportance of building relations with ethnic minority and immigrant commu-168 COMMUNITY OUTREACH AND INVOLVEMENT
nities. This can be demonstrated by regular senior leadership participation atevents.Community members may need training and support in order to hold policeaccountable for ethnic profiling. Guidelines and rules on leading a meeting, chairing,and taking minutes will also enhance the quality and accountability of communitygroups.Working with hard to reach and hard to hear groups may require creative solutionsthat depart from normal channels.Resources should be allocated to support community outreach and involvement.REDUCING ETHNIC PROFILING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 169
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OPEN SOCIETY JUSTICE INITIATIVERedu
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described in this report. The case
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List of Case StudiesThe case studie
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UNITED KINGDOMAUSTRIA/BELGIUM/BULGA
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UNITED KINGDOMUNITED KINGDOMNETHERL
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The United Nations, the Council of
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I. Ethnic Profiling DefinedA Compre
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The use by the police, with no obje
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explicitly on their membership in a
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of the persons subjected thereto sh
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The impact of ethnic profiling on c
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of the ethnic minorities disproport
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II. A Holistic Approachto Reducing
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Law enforcement agencies are accoun
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III. Legal Standards andInstitution
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Criminal and Administrative Legal R
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ImmigrationThe Equality Act covers
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FRANCEObligation of Non-Discriminat
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General principles of good practice
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UNITED KINGDOMPolice and Criminal E
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has lasted for an hour, the examini
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In order to conduct a check using a
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the person could pose a threat to p
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Improving law enforcement relations
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IRELANDPolicing Plan 2008The Garda
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officer misconduct more than patter
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complaints commissions that include
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Civilian oversight can and should d
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In Ireland and Northern Ireland, po
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These case studies also demonstrate
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NETHERLANDSNational OmbudsmanThe Du
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UNITED KINGDOM / NORTHERN IRELANDNo
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DENMARKThe Danish Institute of Huma
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• the impact of race• the use o
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UNITED KINGDOMThe Communities and L
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used, such as those described below
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passengers at borders, although the
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UNITED KINGDOMMerseyside Police Rev
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Reducing Ethnic Profiling and Impro
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As the above examples indicate, dat
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Research Approaches and Methodologi
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Observational studies were pioneere
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The study revealed that in addition
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esponses, and in some cases, broad
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UNITED STATESAttitudinal Survey of
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UNITED KINGDOMThe Views of the Publ
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NORTHERN IRELANDBeyond the Margins:
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DENMARKMedia Reporting of Police St
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VI. Strategies for Reducing EthnicD
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people were stopped and valuable po
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only do so if the measure is determ
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Supervision and Oversight of Front-
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This is not to say that stop forms
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• Recording of self-defined ethni
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UNITED KINGDOM“Know Your Rights
Page 119 and 120: Prior to the ride-alongs, many Hung
Page 121 and 122: General principles of good practice
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Page 125: GREECEProhibition of Racist Languag
Page 128 and 129: This handbook recommends that law e
Page 130 and 131: Where possible, training should inc
Page 132 and 133: SWEDENPolice and Youth Sharing Expe
Page 134 and 135: Training in the Counter-radicalizat
Page 137 and 138: VIII. Changing Institutional Cultur
Page 139 and 140: and Wales have used the package. Mo
Page 141 and 142: NORTHERN IRELANDCreating a More Bal
Page 143 and 144: Moroccan man. Another minority offi
Page 145 and 146: General principles of good practice
Page 147: General principles of good practice
Page 150 and 151: other characteristics or values. Co
Page 152 and 153: Take steps to ensure that all parts
Page 154 and 155: Law enforcement agencies must be se
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Page 158 and 159: variety of individuals with “life
Page 160 and 161: UNITED KINGDOMCommunity Stop and Se
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Page 164 and 165: to travel as far as Liverpool to ac
Page 166 and 167: The strategy includes multiple init
Page 168 and 169: The website provides an interactive
Page 173 and 174: Appendix A:Sample Stop Forms171
Page 175 and 176: REDUCING ETHNIC PROFILING IN THE EU
Page 185 and 186: Fuenlabrada, Spain Stop FormREDUCIN
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Page 194 and 195: Covenant rights that are especially
Page 196 and 197: • Necessity: The use of ethnic pr
Page 198 and 199: The clear risk of arbitrariness in
Page 200 and 201: The Committee considers that identi
Page 202 and 203: adopted on June 29, 2007, CRI/Counc
Page 204 and 205: European Union Fundamental Rights A
Page 207 and 208: Notes1. Rebekah Delsol, Open Societ
Page 209 and 210: 13. A report of MI5’s behavioral
Page 211 and 212: 38. From the email text sent by Tem
Page 213 and 214: 57. R. Davis and P. Mateu-Gelabert,
Page 215 and 216: 88. Gillan and Quinton v. United Ki
Page 217 and 218: Ireland). Of the total number of co
Page 219 and 220: 139. For example, European Commissi
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165. Open Society Justice Initiativ
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197. These can be found at: http://
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230. More information can be found
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266. To undertake this kind of anal
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279. In Rosalind Williams, Spanish
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Ethnic profiling by police in Europ
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