ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN FARM ANIMALS - Phenix-Vet

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246Artificial Insemination in Farm AnimalsFig. 2. The Guelph TCAI System: (a) fetal-like positioning of ewes in dorsal recumbency; (b)a plexiglass speculum with light source is inserted into the vagina and forceps are used tograb the cervix near the os and retract it. Subsequently, a bent-tipped and preloadedinsemination gun is introduced and manipulated through the cervix to deposit semen. FromCandappa et al., 2009.
Mechanical and Pharmacologic Applications of Artificial Insemination in Ewes 247penetration in low rate in multiparous ewes seems to be possible. The cervical relaxation isdue to affect of peri-ovulatory hormones such as oxytocin, estradiol and progesterone on thecervix. In Cows, the potential effect of oxytocin on cervical relaxation, leads to local growthof cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) after that, COX-2 causes an increase in the synthesis ofprostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (Zhang et al., 2007).3.1 The Guelph System for TCAIThe Guelph System of AI equipment fetal-like positioning of ewes in dorsal recumbency(Fig. 2). A speculum with light source is inserted into the vagina, and upon apparition of thecervix. A bent-tipped and preloaded insemination gun is lead into the cervix to depositsemen (Wulster- Radcliffe and Lewis, 2002; Candappa et al., 2009).3.2 Application of TCAI catheterSome studies were used an insemination catheter with a blunt and angled end, someflexibility, and a diameter that is smaller than the narrowest point of the cervical lumen inthe ewe (Halbert et al., 1990; Campbell et al., 1996; Wulster-Radcliffe Lewis, 2002; Kaabi etal., 2006; Candappa et al., 2009).The catheter used for embryo transfer. Later, he modified for sheep transcervical AI. Thecatheter is depicted as the actual size (17.5 cm long, 1.47 mm o.d, 1.07 mm i.d.) (Wulster-Radcliffe et al., 1999).Ewes are held back in a chute used for sheep in a dorsal recumbent position. The perinealarea is cleaned with an antiseptic soap and rinsed with water. Excess water and antisepticare removed with paper towel. A outside layer of obstetrics lubricant is applied to aspeculum, and the speculum is inserted into the vagina and pressed against tissue nearbythe cervix. The TC-AI catheter is located at the external cervical os and manually controlfrom beginning to end of the cervix. A TC-AI catheter used for cervical manipulation intranscervical AI (Fig 3) is equal to the TC embryo transfer apparatus described previously(Wulster-Radcliffe et al., 1999).Fig. 3. Modified embryo transfer catheter. A machined brass zero-volume fitting was used tosecure the catheter. From Wulster-Radcliffee al., 1999.During penetration of a pipette through the cervix the sheep position affects the success ofthe transition. Pipette passage is more easily with the standing ewe than over-the rail ewe.Rear side of the light (approximately 15 cm) elevated ewe with standing is stated as in avery convenient position (leethongdee, 2010). In this position, uterine penetration isachieved in 82.0 %.Transcervical AI is applied using specially designed inseminating equipment (Wulster-Radcliffe et al., 2002; Wulster-Radcliffe et al., 2004) and manipulation of the cervix usingforceps (Halbert et al., 1990). The number of reports in which position of semen has beenachieved is relatively low and there are concerns about the potential trauma involved.
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VIContentsChapter 9Evaluation of a
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ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN FARM ANIMALS - Phenix-Vet

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