ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN FARM ANIMALS - Phenix-Vet

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254Artificial Insemination in Farm Animals[26] Wulster-Radcliffe MC, Costine BA, Lewis GS. 1999. Estradiol- 17β-oxytocin-inducedcervical dilation in sheep: Application to transcervical embryo transfer. J. Anim.Sci, 77, 2587–2593.[27] Wulster-Radcliffe MC, Lewis GS. 2002. Development of a new transcervical artificialinsemination method for sheep: effects of a new transcervical artificial inseminationcatheter and traversing the cervix on semen quality and fertility. Theriogenology,58, 1361–1371.
15Relationship between IFN- Production byBovines Embryos Derived Ex Vivo andCompletely Produced In VitroJorge Alberto Neira 1,2 , Daniel Tainturier 2 ,René L’Haridon 3 and Jacques Martal 41 Laboratoire de Pathologie de la Reproduction et Biotechnologie animale, Ecole NationaleVétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique: ONIRIS2 Centro de Reproducción animal CRIA de la Corporación Colombiana de InvestigaciónAgropecuaria CORPOICA, Grupo Biología del Desarrollo, Bogotá DC,3 Laboratoire de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, <strong>IN</strong>RA Jouy-en-Josas cedex4 Station de Physiologie Animale, UMR-BDR, <strong>IN</strong>RA. Jouy-en-Josas cedex1,3,4 France2 Colombia1. IntroductionInterferon-tau (IFN-) is secreted by the mononuclear cells of the primitive extra-embryonictrophoblast (Farin et al. 1989; Guillomot et al. 1990) which will become the main part of thefuture placenta, in ruminants. This cytokine is constitutively produced during the shortperiod of the conceptus periimplantation (Martal et al. 1979; Godkin et al. 1982; Hansen etal. 1988; Charlier et al. 1989). It plays an essential role for maternal recognition of pregnancy,particularly allowing the maintenance of the corpus luteum and its progesterone secretion(Spencer et al. 2004). Indeed, intrauterine injections of recombinant IFN- extend theprogesterone secretion by inhibiting pulsatile uterine secretion of luteolytic prostaglandin F-2 (Martal et al. 1990, 1998; Ott et al. 1993; Meyer et al. 1995). IFN- downregulates theexpression of endometrial oxytocin receptors concentrations (Spencer and Bazer 1996; Mannet al. 1999). In early pregnancy, IFN- constitutes therefore a major signal in ruminants.Thus, it plays a role of both cytokine and reproductive paracrine hormone (Roberts et al.1992; Bazer et al. 1994; Martal et al. 1997). In addition, IFN- exhibits potent antiviral andantiproliferative activities (Fillon et al. 1991; Pontzer et al. 1991, 1997; Bazer et al. 1994;Derreuddre et al. 1996).The regulation of IFN- secretion remains poorly understood (Martal et al. 1998; Yamagushiet al. 2001; Demmers et al. 2001; Ezashi et al. 2001; Stewart et al. 2002; Spencer and Bazer2002). Some growth factors and cytokines are implicated in the positive control of IFN-secretion such as Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-I ) and IGF-II (Ko et al. 1991), Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Interleukine-3 (Imakawa et al. 1993,1995; Emond et al. 2004). Indeed, these factors are secreted by trophoblast and endometriumin early pregnancy (Mathialagan et al. 1992; Vogiagis et al. 1997; Martal et al. 1997, 2002).
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