<strong>Road</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Emmaus</strong> Vol. 2, <strong>No</strong>. 3 (#6)Orthodoxy in IndonesiaMohammed. So, the purpose of Islamic mystics is <strong>to</strong> be like Mohammed, <strong>to</strong>imitate him.Thomas: To be the bearer of the Word?Fr. Daniel: As Mohammed was.Thomas: So, that is why Sufi mystics are perhaps not so legalistic?Fr. Daniel: Yes, they are more mystical.So, for us, the image of the Church is the Virgin Mary. We are called <strong>to</strong>be like the Virgin Mary in our submission <strong>to</strong> God. The Virgin Mary is thepicture, the image, or I should say, the icon of the Church. Mohammed isthe “icon” of the ideal Moslem man, and because of that the way we worshipdiverges. In Christianity, because the Word became a man, became flesh, forus <strong>to</strong> be united with that Word we have <strong>to</strong> be united with the content ofthat revelation. What is the content? The incarnation, crucifixion, death andresurrection of that Person. In order for us <strong>to</strong> be united with the content ofthat revelation, we have <strong>to</strong> be united in that Person, namely in the death andresurrection of Jesus Christ. How? Through baptism. And we also have <strong>to</strong> beunited with the life of the resurrection of that incarnate Word. How? By theHoly Spirit, through Chrismation. So, the sacraments are very important forus because God became man. He sanctified the physical world so that theHoly Fridayphysical elements of nature can be used as the means by which we are unitedwith the person of Christ in the sacraments.In Islam, however, because the word becomes a book, the content of thebook is writing. It is not flesh. So, that is why in order for a Moslem <strong>to</strong> unitewith the content of the two-fold revelation (that God is one and that Mohammedis His prophet) one has <strong>to</strong> recite the source of revelation – because it isa book. But you cannot be united with or immersed in a book, you can onlymemorize the content of the book in the original form, namely in Arabic.So, Arabic scripture is the form of that revelation. The God-Man Jesus is theform of that revelation in Christianity. In order for a person <strong>to</strong> be initiatedin<strong>to</strong> Islamic revelation, you must confess the creed: “I confess that there is noGod except Allah, and that Mohammed is the Apostle of Allah.” When youconfess that, you become Moslem. There is no baptism, you are not unitedin the death of anyone, you are only united <strong>to</strong> the form of the revelation. Tostay united <strong>to</strong> the revelation, you must keep the prayers. In prayer you recitethe Koran, so five times a day you pray, five times a day you immerse yourselfin the ocean of divine revelation, which is the Koran. Prayer itself is the sacramen<strong>to</strong>f Islam. In order for us Christians <strong>to</strong> be immersed in the form of therevelation, which is Jesus Christ, we have <strong>to</strong> partake of the Body and Bloodof Jesus Christ continually. In that way we are united <strong>to</strong> Jesus Christ, while inIslam the recitation of the Koran is the most important thing, because it is aform of sacrament <strong>to</strong> the Moslems.So those are the basic differences. This is a way <strong>to</strong> understand the Moslemmind instead of just arguing against them.Thomas: Would you say that most Muslims are conscious of this theologicalaspect of God and man’s relationship <strong>to</strong> Him?Fr. Daniel: Yes, of course, through the Koran, through the prophets.Thomas: In Islam, is a person’s manner of life of secondary importance <strong>to</strong> thecorrect understanding of the form of revelation?Fr. Daniel: In the manner of life, Islam refers again <strong>to</strong> the form of revelation,which is a book. The content of the book is writing, the writing is law, so thelaw has <strong>to</strong> be obeyed. If we have the imitation of Christ and His teachings,they have the imitation of Mohammed and the Koran. That is why the life ofa Moslem is dictated and governed by the law of the Koran, while our life isdictated by the law of Christ in the Holy Spirit.Thomas: What is the difference then between following these two laws?Fr. Daniel: In Islam, there is no new birth, just a return <strong>to</strong> God, which meansrepentance. This is called submission <strong>to</strong> God.
<strong>Road</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Emmaus</strong> Vol. 2, <strong>No</strong>. 3 (#6)Orthodoxy in IndonesiaThomas: And that is the meaning of the word Islam, “<strong>to</strong> submit?”Fr. Daniel: Yes. Islam means submission <strong>to</strong> God. That is the way we have <strong>to</strong>understand the difference between the way of life of Islam and of OrthodoxChristianity. There are some parallel ways of thinking, but very different content.The main difference is that in Orthodox Christianity the Word becameflesh and in Islam the word became a book. That is the main difference.Thomas: How do Moslem converts <strong>to</strong> Orthodoxy sustain their belief in thepredominantly Moslem society of Indonesia? Do you have communities ofOrthodox Christians who live <strong>to</strong>gether and support each other in the hostilereligious environment, or is the parish way of life more common?Fr. Daniel: <strong>No</strong>, we don’t really have any special kind of community where welive <strong>to</strong>gether. We are spread out geographically like other Christians, and wecome <strong>to</strong> the church for services. But as <strong>to</strong> how we withstand the environment– the way I do it is that I teach very strong Bible classes in Indonesian. Everyday I have Bible study before Holy Communion. In between Orthos [Matins]and Liturgy there is always Bible study. And in my Bible study, there is alwaysa comparison between Christianity and Islam, all the time. It reminds peoplethat this is Christianity and this over here is Islam. For example, I ask questionslike: “OK, in nature which is higher, a human being or a book?” Beingformed by Moslem culture, some of them say “a book.” So then I’ll ask them,“Which is higher, then, revelation of God in the form of a human being orin the form of a book?” Of course, revelation is higher in the form of a humanbeing. They can see that from God Himself. So, God the Word becomeflesh, the Word become man, is higher than the word which became a book.That’s number one. Second, if in the past God sent down His word throughthe prophets in the form of a book, namely the Old Testament, and the OldTestament has been fulfilled completely in the form of man, Jesus Christ, isit possible, after the Word of God has been fulfilled in man, that God wouldrevert <strong>to</strong> the old way, sending a book again? Of course not! When the Wordhas become man, it is already complete. And that Man, Jesus Christ, is stillalive! So, it is impossible that God would again send another revelation in theform of a book. From our point of understanding, it is not possible. For us,the most perfect prophet and the last revelation of God is Jesus Christ. Thereis no need for any other revelation. This is the point I emphasize again andagain. They understand this quite well. So this is how we keep holding on<strong>to</strong>the path of Christ in spite of so many attacks from the Moslems.Thomas: The Moslems pressure the Christians, then, knowing that they cantempt them with these deeply-rooted cultural ideas?Fr. Daniel: Yes.Thomas: Maybe you could tell us more about this. What are the difficultiesthat Christians encounter in a Moslem environment?Fr. Daniel: You know, when you are living among a Moslem majority, sometimesyou are afraid of being asked about your faith. Christian people whohave been formed in a Moslem environment cannot always explain themselves;and Moslems, fearing that Christian “heresies” will spread are always ready <strong>to</strong>attack – about the “three gods,” about “worshiping a human being,” about thecross, about all the fundamental beliefs of Christianity. Christians are oftennot ready <strong>to</strong> answer these things. Also, almost every morning all of the IndonesianTV channels broadcast about Islam. There is no other religion beingaired. Everyone is bombarded with Islam, the mosques are plastered with loudspeakers and people are always talking against Christianity. The police do notdo anything. In this way, we have been psychologically defeated. Many booksare written attacking Christianity and there is no way <strong>to</strong> answer them becausewhen a Christian tries <strong>to</strong> answer about his faith he has <strong>to</strong> criticize Islam andthis is very difficult. There will be a reactionary demonstration against him. Inthe city of Solo, there is a man by the name of Achmed Wilson who becamea Christian. He is now on trial in court because he was asked on a call-inradio program what he thought about Mohammed, and he answered that hebelieved as a Christian. So, this is a great problem for him now. Things likethis are very common.Thomas: So there is no real religious freedom?Fr. Daniel: <strong>No</strong>. Don’t even think about it. It is very difficult when you livein such a society. You are allowed <strong>to</strong> criticize the idea of God because god isa general term. The Buddhists believe in a god, the Hindus believe in a god,the Christians believe in a god, but don’t criticize Mohammed because that isdistinctly Islamic. You can criticize the idea of God, you can become an atheist,but don’t say anything about Mohammed or you’ll be in trouble.Thomas: How do former Moslems who convert <strong>to</strong> Orthodoxy cope withfamily situations? Are they able <strong>to</strong> continue <strong>to</strong> live with their non-Christianfamily members? Are they accepted?Fr. Daniel: Some of them are accepted and some are not. There are cases whenthey return <strong>to</strong> their former beliefs, <strong>to</strong> their families, and confess Islam again,although when they meet me they still say that they believe in Christ. Theydo believe and they worship secretly in their homes, but they cannot come
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