<strong>Road</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Emmaus</strong> Vol. V, <strong>No</strong>. 4 (#19)ascetics in Karelia. Tradition says of Sts. Sergius and Herman, the foundersof Valaam Monastery in Russia, that one was a Greek from Mt. Athos andthe other a local Karelian. (Others say they were both Greeks from Kiev, anda third version holds that one was Greek and the other a pagan priest, butthe fact remains that in each variant they had Greek influence and ideas.)I am fascinated by what I call “The Cross of the <strong>No</strong>rth.” This is a geographicalcross that you can trace on a map. The vertical bar links the farnorth of Russia <strong>to</strong> Greek Orthodoxy in the south. The crossbar connectsFinnish, Russian and American Orthodoxy, from Sts. Sergius and Hermanof Valaam, through the deserts of the “<strong>No</strong>rthern Thebaid” <strong>to</strong> St. Herman ofAlaska on Spruce Island.I was thrilled <strong>to</strong> be at Valaamo, receiving the tradition of ValaamMonastery and writing about the saints. The abbot helped us very much. Mywife is Ukrainian, a Russian national, and we were given access <strong>to</strong> themonastery archives and allowed <strong>to</strong> copy anything we liked. This was a verygreat gift of God and of Valaamo. We translated from many books and thencame back <strong>to</strong> Greece <strong>to</strong> begin writing. Even then I knew that I must beginby writing the life of St. Andrew the Apostle.<strong>RTE</strong>: The tradition that St. Andrew was in Karelia is still held <strong>to</strong>day?GEORGE: Yes, by the monks of Old Valaam Monastery in Russia, somemonks of New Valaamo in Finland, and by Finnish and Russian Kareliansas well. St. Andrew is at the center of the icon, “Synaxis of All the Saints ofValaam” at New Valaamo Monastery.As I began <strong>to</strong> write, I found myself coming across more and more scatteredinformation about St. Andrew from all over the world. Finally, myGreek edi<strong>to</strong>r, Sophia Oriphanidou, said, “Wait on the lives of the saints ofKarelia, write first about St. Andrew himself.” I didn’t feel right working ona book about an apostle, but I <strong>to</strong>ld myself, “Yes, I’m a very bad guy, but ithappens that I have <strong>to</strong> write this book, so I will.” It was an inner obligationthat I knew I couldn’t avoid. I’m not worthy <strong>to</strong> write about him, but I had<strong>to</strong>, and I ask everyone <strong>to</strong> forgive me.Once I began, many sources came <strong>to</strong> me and people came forward <strong>to</strong> help,from northern Russia, central Asia, eastern Europe, Ethiopia – texts andoral traditions, even from the Kalash people of Pakistan, whom I mentionedearlier. Their texts speak of the presence of a messenger from God by thename of Indrein, and I cite this tradition in my book in their local language,10Mosaic, St. Andrew with staff and wheat, Patras Cathedral.
<strong>Road</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Emmaus</strong> Vol. V, <strong>No</strong>. 4 (#19)the as<strong>to</strong>nishing missionary journeys of the apostle andrewbecause in the old Romanian, St. Andrew is called Indrean. I collectedmany local traditions, everything I could find. At first it was very difficult,but then things began coming.<strong>RTE</strong>: You said earlier that it was as if they were being put in your way.GEORGE: Yes, but at the beginning it was chaos, just scattered informationfrom around the world. Also, I knew that I didn’t want <strong>to</strong> make traditionsout of legends. I just wanted <strong>to</strong> follow the sources and see where they led; itwas like putting a huge puzzle <strong>to</strong>gether.I have already covered about a thousand pages and I quote almost fiftylanguages and dialects. The book is in Greek, of course, and I’m calling it,“He Raised the Cross on the Ice.”<strong>RTE</strong>: What languages did you work in?GEORGE: The oral traditions and texts referring <strong>to</strong> St Andrew are in ancientGreek, modern Greek, Pontian and Calabrian Greek, Georgian, Abhazian,Slavonic, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian, Romanian, Kalasha, Baganda,Kurdish, Ethiopian Geez, Ethiopian Amharic, Coptic, Arabic, AramaicSyrian, Turkish, Turcik of Central Asia, Iranian, Bulgarian, old English,English, German, Italian, Latin, Albanian, Finnish, Karelian, Armenian,and many dialects.I also had <strong>to</strong> deal with many languages, scripts and dialects, living andextinct, that didn’t deal directly with St. Andrew, because I had <strong>to</strong> read thesources concerning the world in which he lived. These were in Hebrew,Samaritan, Bantu, Kushitic, Teso, San, Tokharian, Sanskrit, Chinese,Mongolian, Korean, Amazigh-Berberic, Gothic, Gaelic, Saami-Lappish,Swedish, <strong>No</strong>rwegian, Polish, Tadjik, Sogdian, and so on. Of course, I wasn’table <strong>to</strong> learn all these languages, but I was fortunate enough <strong>to</strong> find nativespeakers and scholars around the world <strong>to</strong> help me with these sources. Andhere I have <strong>to</strong> thank my wife and spiritual sister Olga, because her help withthe Slavic sources was fundamental for my research.Megas Faran<strong>to</strong>s, the well-known professor of dogmatic theology in Greeceand Germany, who represents the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the GreekChurch in dialogue with the Roman Catholics and other religions, was a greathelp <strong>to</strong> me. He trusts my work and academically supports me. He <strong>to</strong>ld me,“Don’t critique the traditions, this is not your job. Accept them or don’t acceptthem, but don’t critique them.” Secondly, he said, “Adopt a principle of work-ing. They can fight your interpretation, but not your principle.”So, I <strong>to</strong>ok as a principle the premise that, “I accept all evidence as possible,whether it is a writing of the Holy Fathers, an oral tradition from Uzbekistan,a Coptic text from Ethiopia, a simple dream, or the archeological excavationsof a Chinese scholar.” It is impossible from our time <strong>to</strong> absolutely say that acertain isolated tradition is true or false. My idea was <strong>to</strong> work from anotherdirection by putting down all the scattered sources <strong>to</strong> see if the different traditionsof St. Andrew’s journeys fit <strong>to</strong>gether geographically and time-wise. Iwanted <strong>to</strong> see if they were even possible. Then, once I exposed the contradictions,perhaps I could find the actual routes of St. Andrew’s journeys.The question was if, by setting the various traditions side-by-side, I couldtrace St. Andrew’s travels with any probability. Our strongest evidence,and what we always hoped for, was early written commentary about the apostle’svisit <strong>to</strong> an area along with a separate,verified oral tradition from thesame place that has been passed downuntil now. As I went on, I discovered thatin time and geography the Kazakhstanitradition fit the Sogdiana tradition(modern Uzbekistan), the Sogdiana traditionfit in<strong>to</strong> the Parthian traditionEntrance <strong>to</strong> St. Andrew’s cave, Romania.(Persia) and the Parthian tradition fitthe Syriac tradition. It was like a train, one car after another, until I had onlytwenty years missing from St. Andrew’s return <strong>to</strong> the Black Sea from Valaamountil he went <strong>to</strong> Sinope – and from there <strong>to</strong> Patras in Achaia, <strong>to</strong> his martyrdom.<strong>RTE</strong>: Were you able <strong>to</strong> resolve those twenty years?GEORGE: Yes, I found a local Romanian tradition that St. Andrew lived twentyyears in a cave in Romania, in Dervent, and during this time he traveledthrough what is now Romania, Bulgaria and Moldavia. But the most incrediblething was that, according <strong>to</strong> the early Romanian traditions, the years hewas there was the exact period I was missing from the other traditions.The most important thing is that these puzzle pieces – the separate localtraditions of Bulgaria, Romania, Ethiopia, of the Aramaic people, theSyrians, the Copts, even the Greek and Roman church traditions all fit<strong>to</strong>gether, but you have <strong>to</strong> follow them step by step <strong>to</strong> recreate his life.Finally, I had only one piece that I couldn’t fit, even as a possibility: the1213
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