Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Project Team Elliott Levine Brad Ring <strong>Glass</strong> Team Leader Project Monitor U.S. Dept. of Energy U.S. Dept. of Energy OIT, EE-20 Golden Field Office 1000 Independence Ave., SW 1617 Cole Blvd. Washington, DC 20585-0121 Golden, CO 80401 202-586-1476 303-275-4930 elliott.levine@ee.doe.gov brad.ring@go.doe.gov Beth H. Dwyer Reports Monitor, Golden Field Office 1617 Cole Blvd. Golden, CO 80401 303-275-4719 Beth.dwyer@go.doe.gov 159
Page 1 and 2:
Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
Page 3 and 4:
Disclaimer This document was prepar
Page 6 and 7:
Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
Page 8 and 9:
cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
Page 10:
Reference The report is supplemente
Page 14 and 15:
Preface The glass industry is under
Page 16:
While this section was not a major
Page 19 and 20:
5. All traditional glass segments a
Page 21 and 22:
• Energy issues Glass melting is
Page 23 and 24:
The issue of funding for research a
Page 26 and 27:
Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
Page 28 and 29:
process when it introduced continuo
Page 30 and 31:
Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
Page 32 and 33:
credible forecasts that energy cost
Page 34 and 35:
Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
Page 36 and 37:
silica sand with a variety of indus
Page 38 and 39:
I.4. Motivation to advance melting
Page 40 and 41:
would be possible with a more detai
Page 42:
efining, higher performance refract
Page 45 and 46:
A major regional producer, the Unit
Page 47 and 48:
continues to operate using technolo
Page 49 and 50:
The percentage used for batch melti
Page 51 and 52:
having fewer producers of major com
Page 53 and 54:
Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
Page 55 and 56:
glass fiber in some applications an
Page 57 and 58:
With the high capital cost of new g
Page 59 and 60:
The economic viability of electric
Page 61 and 62:
development and capital investment
Page 63 and 64:
investment of the traditional glass
Page 65 and 66:
and increase cooperation on the hig
Page 67 and 68:
The melting processes for silica-ba
Page 69 and 70:
In the regenerative furnace, two re
Page 71 and 72:
• Unit melter The unit melter is
Page 73 and 74:
Furnace emissions are reduced and t
Page 75 and 76:
glass. Electric boost is often used
Page 77 and 78:
materials, state-of-the-art equipme
Page 79 and 80:
Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
Page 81 and 82:
system. Applications for the techno
Page 83 and 84:
stable and controlled operating pro
Page 85 and 86:
Four test series using oxy-gas burn
Page 87 and 88:
In the AGM melting process, mixed b
Page 89 and 90:
Melter controls are extremely sophi
Page 91 and 92:
simplify heat exchange technique th
Page 93 and 94:
square or rectangular hopper locate
Page 95 and 96:
After operating for over 12 years,
Page 97 and 98:
The modular design of the device ma
Page 99 and 100:
A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
Page 101 and 102:
IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
Page 103 and 104:
gases leave this compartment and gi
Page 106 and 107:
Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
Page 108 and 109:
problems that confront the entire i
Page 110 and 111:
and port structures. Fuel savings o
Page 112 and 113:
Glass manufacturers of all products
Page 114 and 115:
here. To remain vigorous and compet
Page 116 and 117:
RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
Page 120 and 121:
VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
Page 122:
and facility construction and plant
Page 126: Introduction In the course of gener
Page 129 and 130: totally replaced by barium, zinc or
Page 131 and 132: of soda. Other raw materials includ
Page 133 and 134: Batch melting in combustion furnace
Page 135 and 136: 1.3. Detailed description of the fu
Page 137 and 138: increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
Page 139 and 140: promoted by the addition of fine-gr
Page 141 and 142: The presence of some distinct solid
Page 143 and 144: surface and escape from the melt. S
Page 145 and 146: Homogenization can also be aided by
Page 147 and 148: Batch melting strongly depends on t
Page 149 and 150: downstream operations, these bubble
Page 151 and 152: furnaces generally have better spec
Page 153 and 154: fundamental change in heat transfer
Page 155 and 156: or long-term trends and judges the
Page 157 and 158: Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
Page 159 and 160: elative to a defined zero with prec
Page 161 and 162: glassmaking have proven to be more
Page 163 and 164: • Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
Page 165 and 166: • Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
Page 167 and 168: 3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
Page 169 and 170: • The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
Page 171 and 172: splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
Page 173 and 174: and has proved highly reliable. The
Page 175: The project team has agreed to form
Page 179 and 180: Figure 3.B.1. High-Intensity Plasma
Page 181 and 182: Key innovative components of this p
Page 183 and 184: glass fibers at a location operated
Page 185 and 186: Environmental Impacts The plasma ar
Page 187 and 188: • Pressed/Blown Glass Current Siz
Page 189 and 190: The major goal of the plasma progra
Page 191 and 192: operations with minimum capital cos
Page 193 and 194: However, the fundamental question r
Page 195 and 196: control per mixer will optimize the
Page 197 and 198: A. Literature and Patent Review—G
Page 199 and 200: A variety of products with differen
Page 201 and 202: steel walls, minimizing pressure lo
Page 203 and 204: Innovative refining concepts includ
Page 206 and 207: Appendix A1 Categorization of Liter
Page 208 and 209: A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r
Page 210 and 211: RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 212 and 213: RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 216 and 217: RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l o
Page 226 and 227:
RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 228 and 229:
A u t h o r / tt i t l e / y e a r
Page 230:
RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 233 and 234:
R e cc o mm mm ee nn dd C o mm pp a
Page 235 and 236:
RR ee cc o m m ee n d C o mm p a n
Page 237 and 238:
R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 239 and 240:
R ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 241 and 242:
R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 243 and 244:
R e c o m m e nn d s e c o n d l o
Page 245 and 246:
R e c o m m ee nn d C o m p a n yy
Page 247 and 248:
R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n yy s
Page 249 and 250:
R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s e
Page 251 and 252:
R e c o m m e nn d s e c o n d l o
Page 253 and 254:
R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
Page 255 and 256:
R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
Page 257 and 258:
cost of capital: Rate of return tha
Page 259 and 260:
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (P
Page 262 and 263:
Appendix C Contributors and Sponsor
Page 264 and 265:
C.4. Special Contributors Elliott L
Page 266:
Appendix D Technology Resource Dire
Page 269 and 270:
Bamford, C. R., Colour Generation a
Page 271 and 272:
Charles River Associates Incorporat
Page 273 and 274:
Gushchin, S. N., V. B. Kutin, and P
Page 275 and 276:
Krause, W., “Glass-melting Strate
Page 277 and 278:
Nemec, L., “Energy Consumption in
Page 279 and 280:
Richards, R. S., “Method and Appa
Page 281 and 282:
“Standard Terminology of Glass an
Page 283 and 284:
Wagnerova, S., S. Kasa, P. Jandacek
Page 286:
Tables Table II.1. Key End-Use Mark
Page 289 and 290:
Energy considerations for glassmaki
Page 291 and 292:
Segmentation of glass industry, 30-
show all

Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?