Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

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R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s e c oo n d PPattentt nno. T i tt l e // i n v e n t o r / d a t e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 22 1 2 2 a ff f i l i a t e l o o k ? Comments by Walter Scott 5,158,590 Process for melting and refining a X X X X X X X X X AirLiquide Yes Oxy burners with cyclic and charge pulsating combustion D. Jouvaud, L. Pascarel and B. Genies October 27, 1992 5,194,081 Glass melting process X X X X X X X X P. B. Yes Unique furnace configuration with R. E. Trevelyan and P. J. Whitfield riser March 16, 1993 5,236,484 Method of firing glass-melting furnace X X X X X X X X X X X X Priv. Eng. Yes Vertical fusion with infrasound K. R. McNeill August 17, 1993 5,241,558 Vertical glass melting furnace X X X X X X X X NSG Yes Verticle tabular electric melter Y. Nagashima, K. Sakaguchi, S. with stirrers Nakagaki, S. Manabe, Y. Inaka, T. Sunada and H. Tanaka August 31, 1993 5,243,621 Method of feeding glass batch to a X X X X X X X X X X X X Priv. Eng. Yes Embodiments to 5,236,484 — glass-melting furnace batch feed K. R. McNeill September 7, 1993 5,273,567 High shear mixer and glass melting X X X X GlasTec Radioactive waste vitrification apparatus and method melter with impeller R. S. Richards December 28, 1993 5,304,701 Melting furnace for treating wastes and X X X X Japan Waste vitrification a heating method of the same H. Igarashi April 19, 1994 5,364,426 High shear mixer and glass melting X X X X Stir-Melter Yes Fiber waste vertical stir melter method R. S. Richards November 15, 1994 5,370,723 Glass melting furnace with control of X X P.B. Similar to 5,194,081; the glass flow in the riser temperature control R. E. Trevelyan and P. J. Whitfield December 6, 1994 5,399,181 Method and apparatus for preheating X X X X X Sorg Preheating glass with organic charging material having organic contamination contaminants for glass melting furnaces H. Sorg March 21, 1995 5,445,661 Melting end for glass melting furnaces X X X Sorg KG Basinwall management — soldier with soldier blocks and operating course; patch blocks process therefor A. Knauer August 29, 1995 229
R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n yy s e c o n d PPaattentt no.. TT i tt l e / i nn v ee n t oo r / dd a tt ee 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 88 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 88 1 99 2 00 2 1 2 2 a ff f i l i a t e l o o k ? Commeents by Walter Scottt 5,536,291 Method for melting glass in and a glass X X X X X X X X X X X Sorg Yes Furnace with dividing walls; melting furnace for the practice of bubblers; shallow refiner the method H. Sorg and H. Pieper July 16, 1996 5,548,611 Method for the melting, combustion or X X X X X X X X Schuller Yes Waste vitrification with plasma incineration of materials and torches apparatus therefor M. J. Cusick, M. A. Weinstein and L. E. Olds X X X X X X X X Edmistn Yes Cullet cleaning of exhaust with electrostatic bed X X Japan Atomic waste vit; cold crucible — induction X X X X Stir-Melter Electrode arrangements to minimize current on stirrer X X X St. Gobain Furnace with movable alloy barriers X X X Praxair Method for shield of O2 between glass and fires X X X X X X X X X X St. Gobain Oxy furnace and means to seal melter/refiner from condnr August 20, 1996 5,556,443 Method for cullet preheating and pollution emission reduction in the glass manufacturing process J. C. Alexander September 17, 1996 5,564,102 Glass melting treatment method H. Igarashi, H. Kobayashi and K. Noguchi October 8, 1996 5,573,564 Glass melting method R. S. Richards November 12, 1996 5,613,994 Electric furnace for melting glass J. A. C. Muniz, L. G. Goicoechea and M. Lemaille March 25, 1997 5,628,809 Glass melting method with reduced volatilization of alkali species H. Kobayashi 5,655,464 Apparatus for melting glass R. Moreau, R. Gobert and P. Jeanvoine August 12, 1997 5,665,137 Method for controlling secondary foam during glass melting J. Huang September 9, 1997 5,672,190 Pool separation melt furnace and process A. F. Litka, J. A. Woodroffe, V. Goldfarb, A. W. McClaine and K. J. Keane September 30, 1997 5,728,190 Melting furnace and process for the inertization of hazardous substances by vitrification H. Pieper, L. Rott and M. Bucar March 17, 1998 230 X X OCF Foam control with oxidation means X X X X X X X X X GRI Yes Vertical combuster with batch and cullet X X X Sorg Waste vit with sidewall oxidizing nozzles
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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Disclaimer This document was prepar
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
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Reference The report is supplemente
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Preface The glass industry is under
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While this section was not a major
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5. All traditional glass segments a
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• Energy issues Glass melting is
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The issue of funding for research a
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Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
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process when it introduced continuo
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Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
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credible forecasts that energy cost
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Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
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silica sand with a variety of indus
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I.4. Motivation to advance melting
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would be possible with a more detai
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efining, higher performance refract
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A major regional producer, the Unit
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continues to operate using technolo
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The percentage used for batch melti
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having fewer producers of major com
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Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
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glass fiber in some applications an
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With the high capital cost of new g
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The economic viability of electric
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development and capital investment
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investment of the traditional glass
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and increase cooperation on the hig
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The melting processes for silica-ba
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In the regenerative furnace, two re
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• Unit melter The unit melter is
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Furnace emissions are reduced and t
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glass. Electric boost is often used
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materials, state-of-the-art equipme
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Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
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system. Applications for the techno
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stable and controlled operating pro
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Four test series using oxy-gas burn
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In the AGM melting process, mixed b
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Melter controls are extremely sophi
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simplify heat exchange technique th
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square or rectangular hopper locate
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After operating for over 12 years,
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The modular design of the device ma
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A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
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IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
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gases leave this compartment and gi
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Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
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problems that confront the entire i
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and port structures. Fuel savings o
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Glass manufacturers of all products
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here. To remain vigorous and compet
Page 116 and 117:
RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
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Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
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VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
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and facility construction and plant
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Introduction In the course of gener
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totally replaced by barium, zinc or
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of soda. Other raw materials includ
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Batch melting in combustion furnace
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1.3. Detailed description of the fu
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increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
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promoted by the addition of fine-gr
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The presence of some distinct solid
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surface and escape from the melt. S
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Homogenization can also be aided by
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Batch melting strongly depends on t
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downstream operations, these bubble
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furnaces generally have better spec
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fundamental change in heat transfer
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or long-term trends and judges the
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Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
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elative to a defined zero with prec
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glassmaking have proven to be more
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• Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
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• Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
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3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
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• The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
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splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
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and has proved highly reliable. The
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The project team has agreed to form
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3.B. High-Intensity Plasma Glass Me
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Plasmelt will utilize a full-scale
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Plasmelt has assembled a world-clas
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maintained as a process development
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entrainment by reducing melter size
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Glass melting began two weeks befor
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3.C. Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-
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3.D. Segmented Melting System Ruud
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supplemental energy input in a form
Page 196 and 197: Appendix A. Literature Review Glass
Page 198 and 199: A.2. Manufacturing flexibility Plac
Page 200 and 201: A.5. Recycled cullet use Increased
Page 202 and 203: Technology for direct heating withi
Page 204: and diverting funds from R&D and ot
Page 207 and 208: RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 209 and 210: RR ee c o m m e n d s e c oo n dd l
Page 211 and 212: RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 213 and 214: RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l o
Page 223 and 224: A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r
Page 232 and 233: Appendix A2 Categorization of Paten
Page 234 and 235: R ee cc o m mm e nn dd C o m pp a n
Page 236 and 237: RR e c oo mm m e n dd C o m p a n y
Page 238 and 239: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a nn y s
Page 240 and 241: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 242 and 243: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 244 and 245: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 248 and 249: R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
Page 250 and 251: R e c oo m m e n d s e c o n d l o
Page 252 and 253: R ee c o m m ee nn d s e c o nn d l
Page 254 and 255: R e c o m m e n d s e c o n d l o o
Page 256 and 257: Appendix B Glossary amortization: A
Page 258 and 259: eduction costs could purchase exces
Page 260: Seg-Melt: Glass melting furnace tha
Page 263 and 264: Associate Members: Advanced Manufac
Page 265 and 266: (C.6. Resource Contacts - Continued
Page 268 and 269: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, E., “Compari
Page 270 and 271: Bezborodov, M. A., “The Effect of
Page 272 and 273: Enninga, G., K. Dytrych, and H. Bar
Page 274 and 275: Kawachi, S., M. Kato, and Y. Kawase
Page 276 and 277: McCauley, R. A., “Evolution of Fl
Page 278 and 279: Pieper, H., “Flexible Melting Fur
Page 280 and 281: Schulz, R. L., Z. Fathi, D. E. Clar
Page 282 and 283: Tooley, F. V., Handbook of Glass Ma
Page 284: contributed by Nancy Lemon, Knowled
Page 288 and 289: INDEX Accelerated melting, 66-69, 9
Page 290 and 291: 71-72; Successes, 11; PPG P-10 Proc
Page 292: ISBN: 0-9761283-0-6 Printed in the
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