Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

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RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s e c o n d A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 88 99 11 0 11 1 1 2 1 33 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 11 2 2 a f f i l i a t e l o o k ? Comments by Walt Scott Senkevich, N.A., and Khait, O.D. X Lenigrade No Conventional Glass Tank Furnaces with Two Production Basins for Melting Crystal Glass Glass Ceram. (Eng. Trans.), 31[10] 730-3 (1974) Seward, T.P. X X X X Yes Oxy-fuel conversions — side Some Aspects of Oxy-Fuel Glass Melting effects and disadvantages Glass Technol., 38[5] 150-1 (1997) Shapovalova X Technology of Manufacturing High-melting Glass Wares 1980 Shershnev, Y.M. New Equipment in the Glass-Melting Industry Refract. Ind. Ceram., 40[9/10 ] 414 (1999) Shvorneva X X Behavior of Chemically-activated Glass Batch under Heating 1984 Sims, R. X X X X X X German Yes - ideas Seperation of preheat, melting Small Revolution in Furnace Design and refining Glass (London), 688[10] 423-5 (1991) Sismey, C.J. X No Conventional small furnaces Recuperators in the Glass Industry Glass (London), 644[4] 149-50 (1987) Smirnov X Enhancing the Quality of Glass Raw and Batch 1974 Smirnov X X Wetting of Glass Batch 1973 Smith, D.P. X X X Morgan En No Use of preformed checker Secondary Regenerators Used in Glass shapes in secondary regen. Melting Furnaces Glass Prod. Technol., 69-71 (1990) Snyder, W.J., Chamberland, , R.P., Steigman, X X X X Praxair Yes - ideas Benefits of preheating; raining F.N., and Hoyle, C.J. bed — Praxair Pyrolyzer Economic Aspects of Preheating Batch and Cullet for Oxy-Fuel-Fired Furnaces Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 22[1] 55-70 (2001) 209
RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s e c o n d A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 88 99 11 0 11 1 1 2 1 33 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 11 2 2 a f f i l i a t e l o o k ? Comments by Walt Scott Sohbolev X High-temperature Immobilization of Harmful Industrial Waste Products in Glass 1991 Sohkolov X Decreasing the Intensity of Polluting the Environment with Acid Waste Waters in Producing Lead Crystal 1998 Sparidaens, A.J.C.M. X X X Phillips Yes Advantages of pelletized batch Batch Pelletisation — The Key to Glass Quality Improvement Glass Technol., 322[5] 149-52 (1991) Spinosa and Ensminger X X Yes - ideas Sonic Energy Reduces Energy Consumption during Melting 1987 Stanek X X Czech Yes - ideas Cold top conclusions — Problems in Electric Melting of Glass treatise 1990 Stepenkohva X X Investigation of Preparation of Activated Sheet Glass Batch 1987 Streckahlov X Main Approaches to Intensifying Gassmelting 1982 Streicher, Marin, Charon, and Borders X X X X Air Liquide Yes - ideas Treatise on oxy combustion Oscillating Combustion Technology Boosts and applications Furnace Efficiency 2001 Sufre X X Study of Glass Manufacture in Furnace with Cyclone Melting Chamber 1984 Teisen X X England No Treatise — includes coal Changing Criteria of Furnace Designs for the gassification (1917) Container Industry and the Role of the 210 Side Fired Recuperative Glass Melting Tank 1991
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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Disclaimer This document was prepar
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
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Reference The report is supplemente
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Preface The glass industry is under
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While this section was not a major
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5. All traditional glass segments a
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• Energy issues Glass melting is
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The issue of funding for research a
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Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
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process when it introduced continuo
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Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
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credible forecasts that energy cost
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Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
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silica sand with a variety of indus
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I.4. Motivation to advance melting
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would be possible with a more detai
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efining, higher performance refract
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A major regional producer, the Unit
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continues to operate using technolo
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The percentage used for batch melti
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having fewer producers of major com
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Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
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glass fiber in some applications an
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With the high capital cost of new g
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The economic viability of electric
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development and capital investment
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investment of the traditional glass
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and increase cooperation on the hig
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The melting processes for silica-ba
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In the regenerative furnace, two re
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• Unit melter The unit melter is
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Furnace emissions are reduced and t
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glass. Electric boost is often used
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materials, state-of-the-art equipme
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Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
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system. Applications for the techno
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stable and controlled operating pro
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Four test series using oxy-gas burn
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In the AGM melting process, mixed b
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Melter controls are extremely sophi
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simplify heat exchange technique th
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square or rectangular hopper locate
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After operating for over 12 years,
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The modular design of the device ma
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A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
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IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
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gases leave this compartment and gi
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Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
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problems that confront the entire i
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and port structures. Fuel savings o
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Glass manufacturers of all products
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here. To remain vigorous and compet
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RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
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Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
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VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
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and facility construction and plant
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Introduction In the course of gener
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totally replaced by barium, zinc or
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of soda. Other raw materials includ
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Batch melting in combustion furnace
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1.3. Detailed description of the fu
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increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
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promoted by the addition of fine-gr
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The presence of some distinct solid
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surface and escape from the melt. S
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Homogenization can also be aided by
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Batch melting strongly depends on t
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downstream operations, these bubble
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furnaces generally have better spec
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fundamental change in heat transfer
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or long-term trends and judges the
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Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
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elative to a defined zero with prec
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glassmaking have proven to be more
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• Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
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• Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
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3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
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• The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
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splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
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and has proved highly reliable. The
Page 175 and 176: The project team has agreed to form
Page 178 and 179: 3.B. High-Intensity Plasma Glass Me
Page 180 and 181: Plasmelt will utilize a full-scale
Page 182 and 183: Plasmelt has assembled a world-clas
Page 184 and 185: maintained as a process development
Page 186 and 187: entrainment by reducing melter size
Page 188 and 189: Glass melting began two weeks befor
Page 190 and 191: 3.C. Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-
Page 192 and 193: 3.D. Segmented Melting System Ruud
Page 194 and 195: supplemental energy input in a form
Page 196 and 197: Appendix A. Literature Review Glass
Page 198 and 199: A.2. Manufacturing flexibility Plac
Page 200 and 201: A.5. Recycled cullet use Increased
Page 202 and 203: Technology for direct heating withi
Page 204: and diverting funds from R&D and ot
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Page 232 and 233: Appendix A2 Categorization of Paten
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Page 256 and 257: Appendix B Glossary amortization: A
Page 258 and 259: eduction costs could purchase exces
Page 260: Seg-Melt: Glass melting furnace tha
Page 263 and 264: Associate Members: Advanced Manufac
Page 265 and 266: (C.6. Resource Contacts - Continued
Page 268 and 269: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, E., “Compari
Page 270 and 271: Bezborodov, M. A., “The Effect of
Page 272 and 273: Enninga, G., K. Dytrych, and H. Bar
Page 274 and 275: Kawachi, S., M. Kato, and Y. Kawase
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McCauley, R. A., “Evolution of Fl
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Pieper, H., “Flexible Melting Fur
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Schulz, R. L., Z. Fathi, D. E. Clar
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Tooley, F. V., Handbook of Glass Ma
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contributed by Nancy Lemon, Knowled
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INDEX Accelerated melting, 66-69, 9
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71-72; Successes, 11; PPG P-10 Proc
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ISBN: 0-9761283-0-6 Printed in the
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