Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

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ISBN: 0-9761283-0-6 Printed in the United States
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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Disclaimer This document was prepar
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
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Reference The report is supplemente
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Preface The glass industry is under
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While this section was not a major
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5. All traditional glass segments a
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• Energy issues Glass melting is
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The issue of funding for research a
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Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
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process when it introduced continuo
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Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
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credible forecasts that energy cost
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Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
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silica sand with a variety of indus
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I.4. Motivation to advance melting
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would be possible with a more detai
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efining, higher performance refract
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A major regional producer, the Unit
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continues to operate using technolo
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The percentage used for batch melti
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having fewer producers of major com
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Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
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glass fiber in some applications an
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With the high capital cost of new g
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The economic viability of electric
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development and capital investment
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investment of the traditional glass
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and increase cooperation on the hig
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The melting processes for silica-ba
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In the regenerative furnace, two re
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• Unit melter The unit melter is
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Furnace emissions are reduced and t
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glass. Electric boost is often used
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materials, state-of-the-art equipme
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Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
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system. Applications for the techno
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stable and controlled operating pro
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Four test series using oxy-gas burn
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In the AGM melting process, mixed b
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Melter controls are extremely sophi
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simplify heat exchange technique th
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square or rectangular hopper locate
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After operating for over 12 years,
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The modular design of the device ma
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A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
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IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
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gases leave this compartment and gi
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Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
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problems that confront the entire i
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and port structures. Fuel savings o
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Glass manufacturers of all products
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here. To remain vigorous and compet
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RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
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Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
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VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
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and facility construction and plant
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Introduction In the course of gener
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totally replaced by barium, zinc or
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of soda. Other raw materials includ
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Batch melting in combustion furnace
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1.3. Detailed description of the fu
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increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
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promoted by the addition of fine-gr
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The presence of some distinct solid
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surface and escape from the melt. S
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Homogenization can also be aided by
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Batch melting strongly depends on t
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downstream operations, these bubble
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furnaces generally have better spec
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fundamental change in heat transfer
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or long-term trends and judges the
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Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
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elative to a defined zero with prec
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glassmaking have proven to be more
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• Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
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• Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
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3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
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• The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
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splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
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and has proved highly reliable. The
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The project team has agreed to form
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3.B. High-Intensity Plasma Glass Me
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Plasmelt will utilize a full-scale
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Plasmelt has assembled a world-clas
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maintained as a process development
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entrainment by reducing melter size
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Glass melting began two weeks befor
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3.C. Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-
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3.D. Segmented Melting System Ruud
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supplemental energy input in a form
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Appendix A. Literature Review Glass
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A.2. Manufacturing flexibility Plac
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A.5. Recycled cullet use Increased
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Technology for direct heating withi
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and diverting funds from R&D and ot
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RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
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RR ee c o m m e n d s e c oo n dd l
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RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
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RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l o
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A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r
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Appendix A2 Categorization of Paten
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R ee cc o m mm e nn dd C o m pp a n
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RR e c oo mm m e n dd C o m p a n y
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R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a nn y s
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R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 242 and 243: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 244 and 245: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 246 and 247: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 248 and 249: R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
Page 250 and 251: R e c oo m m e n d s e c o n d l o
Page 252 and 253: R ee c o m m ee nn d s e c o nn d l
Page 254 and 255: R e c o m m e n d s e c o n d l o o
Page 256 and 257: Appendix B Glossary amortization: A
Page 258 and 259: eduction costs could purchase exces
Page 260: Seg-Melt: Glass melting furnace tha
Page 263 and 264: Associate Members: Advanced Manufac
Page 265 and 266: (C.6. Resource Contacts - Continued
Page 268 and 269: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, E., “Compari
Page 270 and 271: Bezborodov, M. A., “The Effect of
Page 272 and 273: Enninga, G., K. Dytrych, and H. Bar
Page 274 and 275: Kawachi, S., M. Kato, and Y. Kawase
Page 276 and 277: McCauley, R. A., “Evolution of Fl
Page 278 and 279: Pieper, H., “Flexible Melting Fur
Page 280 and 281: Schulz, R. L., Z. Fathi, D. E. Clar
Page 282 and 283: Tooley, F. V., Handbook of Glass Ma
Page 284: contributed by Nancy Lemon, Knowled
Page 288 and 289: INDEX Accelerated melting, 66-69, 9
Page 290 and 291: 71-72; Successes, 11; PPG P-10 Proc
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