Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Appendix A1 Categorization of Literature Literature Reviewed and Categorized, July–September 2002 Categories developed to characterize the literature and patents for glass science and engineering for reference purposes. Include technical data (1-15), financial/economic data (16-18), applications (19-22). Item Category TECHNICAL 1 Glass Quality Improvement 2 Manufacturing Flexibility 3 Raw Material Oxide Source Selection 4 Raw Material Beneficiation 5 Recycled Cullet Use 6 Batch preparation/Agglomeration 7 Batch/Cullet Preheating (or Pre-reacting) 8 Enhanced Heat Transfer 9 Waste Heat Recovery 10 Fusion (Sand Solution) Process 11 Zonal Separation 12 Refining (Seed Removal) 13 Chemical and Thermal Conditioning 14 Process Controls (Sensors, Analytical/Predictive, Process Analysis and Control) 15 Environmental Compliance FINANCIAL/ECONOMIC 16 Lower Capital Cost 17 Lower Operating Cost 18 Lower Environmental Compliance Cost APPLICATIONS 19 All-Electric Melter 20 Total Oxygen and Fuel-Fired Furnace 21 Combination Fuel and Electric Furnace 22 Can Apply to the General Glass Industry 189
RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s e c o n d AA u t h o r / t i t l e / y e a r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99 1 0 1 11 1 2 11 3 1 4 11 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 22 2 A f f i l i a t e l o oo k ?? Comments by Walt Scott Ahmed, A.A. and Abbas, A.F. X X X X Well-known info Does Blast-Furnace Slag Improve Glassmaking? Glass Ind., 65[12] 15-8 (1984) 1984 Alexander, J.C. X X X X X X Yes Combined benefits of preheat Electrostatic Batch Preheating Technology: E- and environmental Batch Ceram.Eng.Sci.proc., 22[1] 37-53 (2001) Alexander, J.M. and Lazet, F.J. X X X X X X X P. Q. Yes Briquetting; low-temperature Directed-Flow, Thin-Layer Glass Fusion Process melt Ceram.Eng.Sci.Proc., 6[3-4] 133-141(1985) Alexandrov X High-frequency Melting of Glasses R2O3 - Al2O3 - SiO2 (R - Sc, Y, La, Er) 1977 Alexandrov X X Obtaining (High-temperature) Materials by Method of Direct High-frequency Melting in Low-temperature Container) 1978 Ambartsumyan, A.G., Akopyan,G.G. and X Yes Ideas — for S88-5 glass Kostanyan, K.A. Glass Melting in an Electric Direct-Heated Skull Furnace Glass Ceram. 54[5/6] 139-140 (1997) Anon X X X The Direct Heating Furnace “Higher-Melter” Is a New Conception of Melting Glass Effectively. 1999 Anon X X SORG: Technology Experience Gained through Melting Glass in Efficient Furnaces 2000 Anon X X X ElectroGls No Conventional electrode Turning Up the Heat in All-Electric Glass applications Melting Glass (London), 78[9] 276 (2001) Aphanahsyeva X X X Hydrothermal Technique of Batch Preparation 1977 190
Page 1 and 2:
Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
Page 3 and 4:
Disclaimer This document was prepar
Page 6 and 7:
Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
Page 8 and 9:
cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
Page 10:
Reference The report is supplemente
Page 14 and 15:
Preface The glass industry is under
Page 16:
While this section was not a major
Page 19 and 20:
5. All traditional glass segments a
Page 21 and 22:
• Energy issues Glass melting is
Page 23 and 24:
The issue of funding for research a
Page 26 and 27:
Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
Page 28 and 29:
process when it introduced continuo
Page 30 and 31:
Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
Page 32 and 33:
credible forecasts that energy cost
Page 34 and 35:
Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
Page 36 and 37:
silica sand with a variety of indus
Page 38 and 39:
I.4. Motivation to advance melting
Page 40 and 41:
would be possible with a more detai
Page 42:
efining, higher performance refract
Page 45 and 46:
A major regional producer, the Unit
Page 47 and 48:
continues to operate using technolo
Page 49 and 50:
The percentage used for batch melti
Page 51 and 52:
having fewer producers of major com
Page 53 and 54:
Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
Page 55 and 56:
glass fiber in some applications an
Page 57 and 58:
With the high capital cost of new g
Page 59 and 60:
The economic viability of electric
Page 61 and 62:
development and capital investment
Page 63 and 64:
investment of the traditional glass
Page 65 and 66:
and increase cooperation on the hig
Page 67 and 68:
The melting processes for silica-ba
Page 69 and 70:
In the regenerative furnace, two re
Page 71 and 72:
• Unit melter The unit melter is
Page 73 and 74:
Furnace emissions are reduced and t
Page 75 and 76:
glass. Electric boost is often used
Page 77 and 78:
materials, state-of-the-art equipme
Page 79 and 80:
Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
Page 81 and 82:
system. Applications for the techno
Page 83 and 84:
stable and controlled operating pro
Page 85 and 86:
Four test series using oxy-gas burn
Page 87 and 88:
In the AGM melting process, mixed b
Page 89 and 90:
Melter controls are extremely sophi
Page 91 and 92:
simplify heat exchange technique th
Page 93 and 94:
square or rectangular hopper locate
Page 95 and 96:
After operating for over 12 years,
Page 97 and 98:
The modular design of the device ma
Page 99 and 100:
A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
Page 101 and 102:
IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
Page 103 and 104:
gases leave this compartment and gi
Page 106 and 107:
Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
Page 108 and 109:
problems that confront the entire i
Page 110 and 111:
and port structures. Fuel savings o
Page 112 and 113:
Glass manufacturers of all products
Page 114 and 115:
here. To remain vigorous and compet
Page 116 and 117:
RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
Page 120 and 121:
VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
Page 122:
and facility construction and plant
Page 126:
Introduction In the course of gener
Page 129 and 130:
totally replaced by barium, zinc or
Page 131 and 132:
of soda. Other raw materials includ
Page 133 and 134:
Batch melting in combustion furnace
Page 135 and 136:
1.3. Detailed description of the fu
Page 137 and 138:
increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
Page 139 and 140:
promoted by the addition of fine-gr
Page 141 and 142:
The presence of some distinct solid
Page 143 and 144:
surface and escape from the melt. S
Page 145 and 146:
Homogenization can also be aided by
Page 147 and 148:
Batch melting strongly depends on t
Page 149 and 150:
downstream operations, these bubble
Page 151 and 152:
furnaces generally have better spec
Page 153 and 154:
fundamental change in heat transfer
Page 155 and 156: or long-term trends and judges the
Page 157 and 158: Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
Page 159 and 160: elative to a defined zero with prec
Page 161 and 162: glassmaking have proven to be more
Page 163 and 164: • Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
Page 165 and 166: • Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
Page 167 and 168: 3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
Page 169 and 170: • The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
Page 171 and 172: splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
Page 173 and 174: and has proved highly reliable. The
Page 175 and 176: The project team has agreed to form
Page 178 and 179: 3.B. High-Intensity Plasma Glass Me
Page 180 and 181: Plasmelt will utilize a full-scale
Page 182 and 183: Plasmelt has assembled a world-clas
Page 184 and 185: maintained as a process development
Page 186 and 187: entrainment by reducing melter size
Page 188 and 189: Glass melting began two weeks befor
Page 190 and 191: 3.C. Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-
Page 192 and 193: 3.D. Segmented Melting System Ruud
Page 194 and 195: supplemental energy input in a form
Page 196 and 197: Appendix A. Literature Review Glass
Page 198 and 199: A.2. Manufacturing flexibility Plac
Page 200 and 201: A.5. Recycled cullet use Increased
Page 202 and 203: Technology for direct heating withi
Page 204: and diverting funds from R&D and ot
Page 209 and 210: RR ee c o m m e n d s e c oo n dd l
Page 211 and 212: RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 213 and 214: RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l o
Page 215 and 216: RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 223 and 224: A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r
Page 229 and 230: RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 232 and 233: Appendix A2 Categorization of Paten
Page 234 and 235: R ee cc o m mm e nn dd C o m pp a n
Page 236 and 237: RR e c oo mm m e n dd C o m p a n y
Page 238 and 239: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a nn y s
Page 240 and 241: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 242 and 243: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 244 and 245: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 246 and 247: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 248 and 249: R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
Page 250 and 251: R e c oo m m e n d s e c o n d l o
Page 252 and 253: R ee c o m m ee nn d s e c o nn d l
Page 254 and 255: R e c o m m e n d s e c o n d l o o
Page 256 and 257:
Appendix B Glossary amortization: A
Page 258 and 259:
eduction costs could purchase exces
Page 260:
Seg-Melt: Glass melting furnace tha
Page 263 and 264:
Associate Members: Advanced Manufac
Page 265 and 266:
(C.6. Resource Contacts - Continued
Page 268 and 269:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, E., “Compari
Page 270 and 271:
Bezborodov, M. A., “The Effect of
Page 272 and 273:
Enninga, G., K. Dytrych, and H. Bar
Page 274 and 275:
Kawachi, S., M. Kato, and Y. Kawase
Page 276 and 277:
McCauley, R. A., “Evolution of Fl
Page 278 and 279:
Pieper, H., “Flexible Melting Fur
Page 280 and 281:
Schulz, R. L., Z. Fathi, D. E. Clar
Page 282 and 283:
Tooley, F. V., Handbook of Glass Ma
Page 284:
contributed by Nancy Lemon, Knowled
Page 288 and 289:
INDEX Accelerated melting, 66-69, 9
Page 290 and 291:
71-72; Successes, 11; PPG P-10 Proc
Page 292:
ISBN: 0-9761283-0-6 Printed in the
show all

Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?