Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

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R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy s e c o n d PPattentt no. T i t l e // i n v e n t o r / d a t e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 22 1 2 2 a ff f i l i a t ee l o o k ?? Commeents by Walter Scott 4,517,000 Apparatus for producing molten glass X X St. Gobain Stirrer system in waist of furnace P. Burget and M. Zortea May 14, 1985 4,528,012 Cogeneration from glass furnace waste X X O. I. Yes Heat recovery to electricity; heat recovery brayton cycle heat exchanger D. T. Sturgill July 9, 1985 4,539,034 Melting of glass with staged submerged X X X X X PPG Submerged combustion in second combustion stage of melter H. P. Hanneken September 3, 1985 4,543,117 Method for producing molten glass X X St. Gobain Similar to 4,517,000 — waist P. Burget and M. Zortea stirrer September 24, 1985 4,544,394 Vortex process for melting glass X X X X X X Private Yes Suspension heating of batch in J. G. Hnat axial swirl cyclone system October 1, 1985 4,545,717 Machine for charging a glassmelting X ZimmJan Reduction of rear seal wear on tank furnace recip batch charger F. Wittler and M. Fraikin October 8, 1985 4,545,798 Ablating liquefaction employing plasma X X X PPG Yes Application of plasma to rotary J. M. Matesa furnace October 8, 1985 4,545,800 Submerged oxygen-hydrogen X X X X X PPG O2/H2 submerged combustion in combustion melting of glass second stage of melter K. J. Won and G. A. Pecoraro October 8, 1985 4,549,895 Method and apparatus for melting glass X X X X X Hoya-Japn Pipe melter to refine optical glass T. Izumitani, T. Takajoh and I. Kinjo October 29, 1985 4,553,997 Process for melting glass in a toroidal X X X X X X X Private Batch separation and separate vortex reactor feeds to vortex reactor J. G. Hnat November 19, 1985 4,559,071 Ablating liquefaction method X X X X X X PPG Yes Rotary ablative melter for liquifing G. E. Kunkle and J. M. Matesa glass batch December 17, 1985 4,559,072 Process and apparatus for producing X X X X X Private Yes Unique melting apparatus — ideas glass 223 X X X X X PPG Similar to 4,559,071 S. Harcuba December 17, 1985 4,564,379 Method for ablating liquefaction of materials G. E. Kunkle and J. M. Matesa January 14, 1986
R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy s e c o n d PPattentt no. T i t l e // i n v e n t o r / d a t e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 22 1 2 2 a ff f i l i a t ee l o o k ?? Commeents by Walter Scott 4,582,521 Melting furnace and method of use X X X X X OCF Yes Drum batch preheater with M. L. Froberg electrostatic exhaust April 15, 1986 4,584,007 Apparatus for manufacturing glass X X X X X X X Asahi Yes Separate melter and refiner with M. Kurata sill — shadow wall — unique April 22, 1986 4,588,429 Method of heating particulate material X X X X OCF Various preheat media materials with a particulate heating media C. M. Hohman, M. A. Propster and S. Seng X X X Asahi Separate rffiner - see 4,584,007 X X X PPG Yes Second stage melting with induction heating X X Corning Moly lined furnace with means to seal above glass line X X X X X X GRI Yes Suspension melt, impact surface separate gas and batch X X X X X X PPG Liquifaction using coal/oil in batch and reoxidizing May 13, 1986 4,594,089 Method of manufacturing glass M. Kurata June 10, 1986 4,610,711 Method and apparatus for inductively heating molten glass or the like J. M. Matesa, K. J. Won and J. Demarest, Henry M. September 9, 1986 4,611,331 Glass melting furnace R. W. Palmquist and R. R. Thomas September 9, 1986 4,617,042 Method for the heat processing of glass and glass forming material D. B. Stickler October 14, 1986 4,632,687 Method of melting raw materials for glass or the like using solid fuels or fuel-batch mixtures G. E. Kunkle, H. M. Demarest and L. J. Shelestak December 30, 1986 4,633,481 Induction heating vessel R. L. Schwenninger December 30, 1986 4,634,461 Method of melting raw materials for glass or the like with staged combustion and preheating J. Demarest, Henry M. , G. E. Kunkle and C. C. Moxie January 6, 1987 4,642,047 Method and apparatus for flame generation and utilization of the combustion products for heating, melting and refining G. M. Gitman February 10, 1987 224 X X X PPG Induction heating — single turn coil and refractory/insulation X X X X X X X PPG Yes Co-current preheat with coal and oil in batch X X AmerCom Oxy-fuel burner using oil
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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Disclaimer This document was prepar
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
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Reference The report is supplemente
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Preface The glass industry is under
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While this section was not a major
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5. All traditional glass segments a
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• Energy issues Glass melting is
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The issue of funding for research a
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Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
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process when it introduced continuo
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Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
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credible forecasts that energy cost
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Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
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silica sand with a variety of indus
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I.4. Motivation to advance melting
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would be possible with a more detai
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efining, higher performance refract
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A major regional producer, the Unit
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continues to operate using technolo
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The percentage used for batch melti
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having fewer producers of major com
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Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
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glass fiber in some applications an
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With the high capital cost of new g
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The economic viability of electric
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development and capital investment
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investment of the traditional glass
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and increase cooperation on the hig
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The melting processes for silica-ba
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In the regenerative furnace, two re
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• Unit melter The unit melter is
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Furnace emissions are reduced and t
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glass. Electric boost is often used
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materials, state-of-the-art equipme
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Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
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system. Applications for the techno
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stable and controlled operating pro
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Four test series using oxy-gas burn
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In the AGM melting process, mixed b
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Melter controls are extremely sophi
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simplify heat exchange technique th
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square or rectangular hopper locate
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After operating for over 12 years,
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The modular design of the device ma
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A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
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IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
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gases leave this compartment and gi
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Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
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problems that confront the entire i
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and port structures. Fuel savings o
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Glass manufacturers of all products
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here. To remain vigorous and compet
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RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
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Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
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VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
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and facility construction and plant
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Introduction In the course of gener
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totally replaced by barium, zinc or
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of soda. Other raw materials includ
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Batch melting in combustion furnace
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1.3. Detailed description of the fu
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increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
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promoted by the addition of fine-gr
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The presence of some distinct solid
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surface and escape from the melt. S
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Homogenization can also be aided by
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Batch melting strongly depends on t
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downstream operations, these bubble
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furnaces generally have better spec
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fundamental change in heat transfer
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or long-term trends and judges the
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Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
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elative to a defined zero with prec
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glassmaking have proven to be more
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• Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
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• Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
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3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
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• The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
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splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
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and has proved highly reliable. The
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The project team has agreed to form
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3.B. High-Intensity Plasma Glass Me
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Plasmelt will utilize a full-scale
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Plasmelt has assembled a world-clas
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maintained as a process development
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entrainment by reducing melter size
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Glass melting began two weeks befor
Page 190 and 191: 3.C. Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-
Page 192 and 193: 3.D. Segmented Melting System Ruud
Page 194 and 195: supplemental energy input in a form
Page 196 and 197: Appendix A. Literature Review Glass
Page 198 and 199: A.2. Manufacturing flexibility Plac
Page 200 and 201: A.5. Recycled cullet use Increased
Page 202 and 203: Technology for direct heating withi
Page 204: and diverting funds from R&D and ot
Page 207 and 208: RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 209 and 210: RR ee c o m m e n d s e c oo n dd l
Page 211 and 212: RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 213 and 214: RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l o
Page 223 and 224: A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r
Page 232 and 233: Appendix A2 Categorization of Paten
Page 234 and 235: R ee cc o m mm e nn dd C o m pp a n
Page 236 and 237: RR e c oo mm m e n dd C o m p a n y
Page 238 and 239: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a nn y s
Page 242 and 243: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 244 and 245: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 246 and 247: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 248 and 249: R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
Page 250 and 251: R e c oo m m e n d s e c o n d l o
Page 252 and 253: R ee c o m m ee nn d s e c o nn d l
Page 254 and 255: R e c o m m e n d s e c o n d l o o
Page 256 and 257: Appendix B Glossary amortization: A
Page 258 and 259: eduction costs could purchase exces
Page 260: Seg-Melt: Glass melting furnace tha
Page 263 and 264: Associate Members: Advanced Manufac
Page 265 and 266: (C.6. Resource Contacts - Continued
Page 268 and 269: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, E., “Compari
Page 270 and 271: Bezborodov, M. A., “The Effect of
Page 272 and 273: Enninga, G., K. Dytrych, and H. Bar
Page 274 and 275: Kawachi, S., M. Kato, and Y. Kawase
Page 276 and 277: McCauley, R. A., “Evolution of Fl
Page 278 and 279: Pieper, H., “Flexible Melting Fur
Page 280 and 281: Schulz, R. L., Z. Fathi, D. E. Clar
Page 282 and 283: Tooley, F. V., Handbook of Glass Ma
Page 284: contributed by Nancy Lemon, Knowled
Page 288 and 289: INDEX Accelerated melting, 66-69, 9
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71-72; Successes, 11; PPG P-10 Proc
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ISBN: 0-9761283-0-6 Printed in the
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