Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s e c o n d A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 88 99 11 0 11 1 1 2 1 33 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 11 2 2 a f f i l i a t e l o o k ? Comments by Walt Scott Enneking, C.Q.M., Beerkens, R., and Faber, X X X X Advantages of 100% cullet; A.J. cullet preheat — emissions Glass Melting from Cullet-Rich Batches Glass Ind., 73[8] 18-21 (1992) Enninga, G/. Dytrych, K., and Barklage- X X X X X X Yes Batch and cullet preheating Hilgefort, H. after air preheat — Practical Experience with Raw-Material temperature for EP Preheating on Glass Melting Furnaces Glastech. Ber., 65[7] 186-91 (1992) Faber, A.J., Beerkens, R.G.C., and de Waal, H. X X Netherlds Yes Modeling shows effects of glass Thermal Behaviour of Glass Batch on Batch vs gas temps on melting Heating Glastech. Ber., 65[7] 177-85 (1992) Fedorov, A.G., and Viskanta, R., X X X Purdue Yes Model used to predict heat Radiative Transfer in a Semitransparent Glass transfer through foam layers Foan Blanket Phys. Chem. Glasses, 41[3] Feduhlov X Mechanism of Granulating Batch of Alkaline Alumoborosilicate Glasses Intended for Medicine 1978 Fletcher, J.V., and Gillman, D.C. X X X CRI, Eng Yes Experience with electrodes Electric Melting System Update through the batch Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 5[1-2] 96-100 (1984) Fokin, V.V., Kondrashov, V.I., Khovanskaya, X X X X X X Saratov,In Yes Complete furnace insulation N.A., and Zverev, Y.V. improves energy, quality, life Operation of a Glass-Melting Furnace with a Heat-Insulated Melting Tank Glass Ceram. (Eng. Trans.), 57[1/2] 43-4 (2000) Gell, P.A.M. Furnace for Tomorrow in Operation Today Glass Technol., 25[3] 148-51 (1984) 195 X X X X X X BallFoster Yes Treatise on benefits of converting to oxy-fuel firing Ghouloyan Technological Progress in Manufacturing Glass Containers 1980 Gridley, M. Philosophy, Design and Performance of Oxy- Fuel Furnaces Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 76[5] 53-7 (1997)
RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l oo o k ? Commentts by Walt Scott C o m p a n y a f f i l i a t e A u t h oo r / t i t l e / yy ee a r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99 11 0 11 1 1 2 1 33 1 44 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 22 X X X X FIC Yes Melting of high quality, lowexpansion glasses Corning Yes Several ideas for use of coal Gushchin, S.N., Lisienko, V.G., Kutin, V.B., and Bodnar, P.N. Improvement of Operation of Open-Flame Glass-Melting Furnaces: A Review Glass Ceram. (Eng. Trans.), 588[1/2] 39- 42(4) (2001) Hakes, S.C., New Approach to Melting Ultrahigh Quality Glasses Demanded by New Communications Technology Int. Glass J., 211[111] 26-8 (2001) Harper, T., Jones, D., Knighton, H., and Shea, J. Economics and Practicality of a Change to Coal as an Energy Source for Glassmaking Glass Technol., 23[1] 44-51 (1982) Hayes, J.C. Laboratory Methods to Simulate Glass- Melting Processes pp.14.1-.8 in Advances in the Fusion of Glass, ed., D.F. Bickford, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, (1988) Herzog, J., and Settimo, R.J. Energy-Saving Cullet Preheater Glass Ind., 733[10] 36-9 (1992) Howie, F.H., and Sayce, I.G. Plasma Heating of Refractory Melts Rev. Int. Hautes Temp. Refract., 1111[3] 169- 76 (1974) Hrma, P. Glassmelting in 2004 J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 733[1-3] 501-15 (1984) Hull, J.D. Alternative Regenerator Systems for the 90s Glass Ind., 74[4] 18-20 (1993) Il'inskii, V.A., Murav'ev, Y., and Pavlovskii, G.V. High-Productivity Glassmelting Tank Furnace with Drawing Channel Glass Ceram. (Eng.Trans.), 40[1] 26-30 (1983) 196 X X X X HFTeichmn Yes Counterflow layer filter cullet preheater X X English' Yes Centrifugal plasma furnace technology
Page 1 and 2:
Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
Page 3 and 4:
Disclaimer This document was prepar
Page 6 and 7:
Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
Page 8 and 9:
cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
Page 10:
Reference The report is supplemente
Page 14 and 15:
Preface The glass industry is under
Page 16:
While this section was not a major
Page 19 and 20:
5. All traditional glass segments a
Page 21 and 22:
• Energy issues Glass melting is
Page 23 and 24:
The issue of funding for research a
Page 26 and 27:
Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
Page 28 and 29:
process when it introduced continuo
Page 30 and 31:
Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
Page 32 and 33:
credible forecasts that energy cost
Page 34 and 35:
Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
Page 36 and 37:
silica sand with a variety of indus
Page 38 and 39:
I.4. Motivation to advance melting
Page 40 and 41:
would be possible with a more detai
Page 42:
efining, higher performance refract
Page 45 and 46:
A major regional producer, the Unit
Page 47 and 48:
continues to operate using technolo
Page 49 and 50:
The percentage used for batch melti
Page 51 and 52:
having fewer producers of major com
Page 53 and 54:
Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
Page 55 and 56:
glass fiber in some applications an
Page 57 and 58:
With the high capital cost of new g
Page 59 and 60:
The economic viability of electric
Page 61 and 62:
development and capital investment
Page 63 and 64:
investment of the traditional glass
Page 65 and 66:
and increase cooperation on the hig
Page 67 and 68:
The melting processes for silica-ba
Page 69 and 70:
In the regenerative furnace, two re
Page 71 and 72:
• Unit melter The unit melter is
Page 73 and 74:
Furnace emissions are reduced and t
Page 75 and 76:
glass. Electric boost is often used
Page 77 and 78:
materials, state-of-the-art equipme
Page 79 and 80:
Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
Page 81 and 82:
system. Applications for the techno
Page 83 and 84:
stable and controlled operating pro
Page 85 and 86:
Four test series using oxy-gas burn
Page 87 and 88:
In the AGM melting process, mixed b
Page 89 and 90:
Melter controls are extremely sophi
Page 91 and 92:
simplify heat exchange technique th
Page 93 and 94:
square or rectangular hopper locate
Page 95 and 96:
After operating for over 12 years,
Page 97 and 98:
The modular design of the device ma
Page 99 and 100:
A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
Page 101 and 102:
IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
Page 103 and 104:
gases leave this compartment and gi
Page 106 and 107:
Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
Page 108 and 109:
problems that confront the entire i
Page 110 and 111:
and port structures. Fuel savings o
Page 112 and 113:
Glass manufacturers of all products
Page 114 and 115:
here. To remain vigorous and compet
Page 116 and 117:
RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
Page 120 and 121:
VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
Page 122:
and facility construction and plant
Page 126:
Introduction In the course of gener
Page 129 and 130:
totally replaced by barium, zinc or
Page 131 and 132:
of soda. Other raw materials includ
Page 133 and 134:
Batch melting in combustion furnace
Page 135 and 136:
1.3. Detailed description of the fu
Page 137 and 138:
increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
Page 139 and 140:
promoted by the addition of fine-gr
Page 141 and 142:
The presence of some distinct solid
Page 143 and 144:
surface and escape from the melt. S
Page 145 and 146:
Homogenization can also be aided by
Page 147 and 148:
Batch melting strongly depends on t
Page 149 and 150:
downstream operations, these bubble
Page 151 and 152:
furnaces generally have better spec
Page 153 and 154:
fundamental change in heat transfer
Page 155 and 156:
or long-term trends and judges the
Page 157 and 158:
Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
Page 159 and 160:
elative to a defined zero with prec
Page 161 and 162: glassmaking have proven to be more
Page 163 and 164: • Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
Page 165 and 166: • Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
Page 167 and 168: 3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
Page 169 and 170: • The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
Page 171 and 172: splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
Page 173 and 174: and has proved highly reliable. The
Page 175 and 176: The project team has agreed to form
Page 178 and 179: 3.B. High-Intensity Plasma Glass Me
Page 180 and 181: Plasmelt will utilize a full-scale
Page 182 and 183: Plasmelt has assembled a world-clas
Page 184 and 185: maintained as a process development
Page 186 and 187: entrainment by reducing melter size
Page 188 and 189: Glass melting began two weeks befor
Page 190 and 191: 3.C. Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-
Page 192 and 193: 3.D. Segmented Melting System Ruud
Page 194 and 195: supplemental energy input in a form
Page 196 and 197: Appendix A. Literature Review Glass
Page 198 and 199: A.2. Manufacturing flexibility Plac
Page 200 and 201: A.5. Recycled cullet use Increased
Page 202 and 203: Technology for direct heating withi
Page 204: and diverting funds from R&D and ot
Page 207 and 208: RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 209 and 210: RR ee c o m m e n d s e c oo n dd l
Page 211: RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 217 and 218: RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l o
Page 219 and 220: RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 223 and 224: A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r
Page 225 and 226: RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l o
Page 232 and 233: Appendix A2 Categorization of Paten
Page 234 and 235: R ee cc o m mm e nn dd C o m pp a n
Page 236 and 237: RR e c oo mm m e n dd C o m p a n y
Page 238 and 239: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a nn y s
Page 240 and 241: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 242 and 243: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 244 and 245: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 246 and 247: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 248 and 249: R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
Page 250 and 251: R e c oo m m e n d s e c o n d l o
Page 252 and 253: R ee c o m m ee nn d s e c o nn d l
Page 254 and 255: R e c o m m e n d s e c o n d l o o
Page 256 and 257: Appendix B Glossary amortization: A
Page 258 and 259: eduction costs could purchase exces
Page 260: Seg-Melt: Glass melting furnace tha
Page 263 and 264:
Associate Members: Advanced Manufac
Page 265 and 266:
(C.6. Resource Contacts - Continued
Page 268 and 269:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, E., “Compari
Page 270 and 271:
Bezborodov, M. A., “The Effect of
Page 272 and 273:
Enninga, G., K. Dytrych, and H. Bar
Page 274 and 275:
Kawachi, S., M. Kato, and Y. Kawase
Page 276 and 277:
McCauley, R. A., “Evolution of Fl
Page 278 and 279:
Pieper, H., “Flexible Melting Fur
Page 280 and 281:
Schulz, R. L., Z. Fathi, D. E. Clar
Page 282 and 283:
Tooley, F. V., Handbook of Glass Ma
Page 284:
contributed by Nancy Lemon, Knowled
Page 288 and 289:
INDEX Accelerated melting, 66-69, 9
Page 290 and 291:
71-72; Successes, 11; PPG P-10 Proc
Page 292:
ISBN: 0-9761283-0-6 Printed in the
show all

Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?