Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

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RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s e c oo n d A u t h oo r / t i t l e / yy ee a r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 99 11 0 11 1 1 2 1 33 1 44 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 22 a f f i l i a t e l oo o k ? Commentts by Walt Scott Zhilin, A.A., Zamyatin, A.N., and Shiff, V.K. X X Yes - ideas Cold crucible, high-frequency Mathematical Modelling of Glass Melt Heat induction heating Exchange in a Cylindrical Induction Furnace, Glass Ceram. (Eng. Trans.), 51[3] 122-7 (1994) Zhiqiang, Y., and Zhihao, Z. Basic Flow Pattern and Its Variation in Different Types of Glass Tank Furnaces Glastech. Ber. Glass Sci. Technol., 700[6] 165- 72 (1997) Zhivillo X Influence of the Forces Operating in Ultrasonic Field on Accelerating the Process of Glass Degassing 1978 Zippe, B.-H. X X X X Germany Yes - ideas Benefits of cullet preheating Economics of Cullet Preheating determined Glass Int., 8-9 (June 1992) Zippe, B.-H., X X Germany Indirect preheating Reliable Batch and Cullet Preheater for Glass Furnaces Glass Technol., 35[2] 58-60 (1994) 213
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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Disclaimer This document was prepar
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
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Reference The report is supplemente
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Preface The glass industry is under
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While this section was not a major
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5. All traditional glass segments a
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• Energy issues Glass melting is
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The issue of funding for research a
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Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
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process when it introduced continuo
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Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
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credible forecasts that energy cost
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Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
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silica sand with a variety of indus
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I.4. Motivation to advance melting
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would be possible with a more detai
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efining, higher performance refract
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A major regional producer, the Unit
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continues to operate using technolo
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The percentage used for batch melti
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having fewer producers of major com
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Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
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glass fiber in some applications an
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With the high capital cost of new g
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The economic viability of electric
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development and capital investment
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investment of the traditional glass
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and increase cooperation on the hig
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The melting processes for silica-ba
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In the regenerative furnace, two re
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• Unit melter The unit melter is
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Furnace emissions are reduced and t
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glass. Electric boost is often used
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materials, state-of-the-art equipme
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Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
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system. Applications for the techno
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stable and controlled operating pro
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Four test series using oxy-gas burn
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In the AGM melting process, mixed b
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Melter controls are extremely sophi
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simplify heat exchange technique th
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square or rectangular hopper locate
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After operating for over 12 years,
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The modular design of the device ma
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A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
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IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
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gases leave this compartment and gi
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Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
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problems that confront the entire i
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and port structures. Fuel savings o
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Glass manufacturers of all products
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here. To remain vigorous and compet
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RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
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Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
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VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
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and facility construction and plant
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Introduction In the course of gener
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totally replaced by barium, zinc or
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of soda. Other raw materials includ
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Batch melting in combustion furnace
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1.3. Detailed description of the fu
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increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
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promoted by the addition of fine-gr
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The presence of some distinct solid
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surface and escape from the melt. S
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Homogenization can also be aided by
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Batch melting strongly depends on t
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downstream operations, these bubble
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furnaces generally have better spec
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fundamental change in heat transfer
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or long-term trends and judges the
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Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
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elative to a defined zero with prec
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glassmaking have proven to be more
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• Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
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• Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
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3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
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• The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
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splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
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and has proved highly reliable. The
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The project team has agreed to form
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3.B. High-Intensity Plasma Glass Me
Page 180 and 181: Plasmelt will utilize a full-scale
Page 182 and 183: Plasmelt has assembled a world-clas
Page 184 and 185: maintained as a process development
Page 186 and 187: entrainment by reducing melter size
Page 188 and 189: Glass melting began two weeks befor
Page 190 and 191: 3.C. Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-
Page 192 and 193: 3.D. Segmented Melting System Ruud
Page 194 and 195: supplemental energy input in a form
Page 196 and 197: Appendix A. Literature Review Glass
Page 198 and 199: A.2. Manufacturing flexibility Plac
Page 200 and 201: A.5. Recycled cullet use Increased
Page 202 and 203: Technology for direct heating withi
Page 204: and diverting funds from R&D and ot
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Page 223 and 224: A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r
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Page 233 and 234: R e cc o mm mm ee nn dd C o mm pp a
Page 235 and 236: RR ee cc o m m ee n d C o mm p a n
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Page 243 and 244: R e c o m m e nn d s e c o n d l o
Page 245 and 246: R e c o m m ee nn d C o m p a n yy
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Page 253 and 254: R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
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Page 257 and 258: cost of capital: Rate of return tha
Page 259 and 260: Proportional-Integral-Derivative (P
Page 262 and 263: Appendix C Contributors and Sponsor
Page 264 and 265: C.4. Special Contributors Elliott L
Page 266: Appendix D Technology Resource Dire
Page 269 and 270: Bamford, C. R., Colour Generation a
Page 271 and 272: Charles River Associates Incorporat
Page 273 and 274: Gushchin, S. N., V. B. Kutin, and P
Page 275 and 276: Krause, W., “Glass-melting Strate
Page 277 and 278: Nemec, L., “Energy Consumption in
Page 279 and 280: Richards, R. S., “Method and Appa
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“Standard Terminology of Glass an
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Wagnerova, S., S. Kasa, P. Jandacek
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Tables Table II.1. Key End-Use Mark
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Energy considerations for glassmaki
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Segmentation of glass industry, 30-
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