Glass Melting Technology: A Technical and Economic ... - OSTI

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R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy s e c o n d PPattentt no. T i t l e // i n v e n t o r / d a t e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 22 1 2 2 a ff f i l i a t ee l o o k ?? Commeents by Walter Scott 4,818,265 Barrier apparatus and method of use for X X X X PPG Surface barrier to hold foam back melting and refining glass or the like J. F. Krumwiede and H. C. Goode April 4, 1989 4,828,595 [Vacuum melt] process for the X X X X Japan Oxy Yes Vacuum melt of silica-sintered production of glass product H. Morishita, T. Imayoshi, H. Kikuchi and A. Nakamura May 9, 1989 4,831,633 Glass melting furnace X X X X X X X Holding Co Yes Separate melting of cullet and R. D. Argent batch May 16, 1989 4,852,118 Energy saving method of melting glass X X X X X X X X X X Sorg Yes Electric melting and fuel refining H. Pieper July 25, 1989 4,875,919 Direct contact raining bed counterflow X X X X X X GRI Yes Separate cullet preheater; raining cullet preheater and method for bed melter using X X X X X X X X X X X X IGT Yes Vertical melter with submerged combustion; low energy X X X X X X X Corning Yes Fining via vertical drop X X X X AGA Oxy lancing on glass surface through tuckline X X X X X NSG Vertical electric, horizontal electric — flat platinum electrds R. DeSaro, E. F. Doyle, C. I. Metcalfe and K. D. Patch October 24, 1989 4,877,449 Vertical shaft melting furnace and method of melting M. J. Khinkis October 31, 1989 4,906,272 Furnace for fining molten glass G. B. Boettner March 6, 1990 4,911,744 Methods and apparatus for enhancing combustion and operational efficiency in a glass melting furnace M. E. Petersson, R. L. Strosnider and H. N. Hubert March 27, 1990 4,927,446 Glass melting furnace S. Manabe and Y. Nagashima May 22, 1990 4,932,035 Discontinuous glass melting furnace H. Pieper June 5, 1990 4,957,527 Method and apparatus for heat processing glass batch materials J. G. Hnat September 18, 1990 4,961,772 Method and apparatus for continuously melting glass and intermittently withdrawing melted glass R. K. Duly and J. A. Flavell October 9, 1990 227 X X X X Sorg Yes Similar to 4,852,119 X X X X X X X X Private Yes Cyclone melt/reactor to vitrify wastes — offers ideas X X X X TECO Weir seperator for hand blown glass
R e c o m m ee nn d C o m p a n yy s e c oo nn d PPaattentt no. T i tt l ee // i n v e n t o r / d a t e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 11 9 2 0 22 1 2 2 a ff f i l i a t ee l o o k ?? Commeentss by Walter Scott 4,983,198 Glass melting method and apparatus X Hoya Platinum lined furnace O2 K. Ogino protected, for phosphate glass January 8, 1991 5,006,144 Melting glass with oxidation control and X X X X X X PPG Lower emissions, less fining agent, lowered emissions colored glass L. A. Knavish and W. C. Harrell April 9, 1991 5,007,950 Compressed, wedged float glass bottom X X X PPG Refractory bottom for metal filled structure conditioning chamber B. K. Krushinski, R. A. Lawhon, F. A. Radecki and R. L. Schwenninger April 16, 1991 5,028,248 Method of melting materials and X X X X Tetronics Yes Rotating plasma arc furnace apparatus therefor J. K. Williams, C. P. Heanley and L. E. Olds X X X X X X X Air Prod. Yes Preheating usning gas systhesis and reforming X X X X X X X X X P. B. Yes Batch digesters X X X X X X Glaverbel Dual refining cells; transfer weir X X GmbH Inductively heated metallic outlet July 2, 1991 5,057,133 Thermally efficient melting and fuel reforming for glass making M. S. Chen, C. F. Painter, S. P. Pastore, G. S. Roth and D. C. Winchester October 15, 1991 5,057,140 Apparatus for melting glass batch material J. S. Nixon October 15, 1991 5,078,777 Glass-melting furnace D. Cozac and J.-F. Simon January 7, 1992 5,112,378 Bottom outlet device for a glass melting furnace S. Weisenburger, W. Grunewald and H. Seiffert May 12, 1992 5,114,456 Discharging device for a glass melting furnace S. Weisenburger, W. Grunewald and H. Seiffert May 19, 1992 5,120,342 High shear mixer and glass melting apparatus R. S. Richards June 9, 1992 5,139,558 Roof-mounted auxiliary oxygen-fired burner in glass melting furnace E. J. Lauwers August 18, 1992 228 X X GmbH Outlet device with flange X X X X X X X X GlasTec Yes Waste vertical melter w/ impeller, vacuum, plasma X X X X X X X X X X UnCarbide Furnace roof oxy burner at batch melt out — angled
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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Disclaimer This document was prepar
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Glass Melting Technology: A Technic
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cyclical economy. Specialty glass m
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Reference The report is supplemente
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Preface The glass industry is under
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While this section was not a major
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5. All traditional glass segments a
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• Energy issues Glass melting is
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The issue of funding for research a
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Chapter I Technical Assessment of G
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process when it introduced continuo
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Figure I.1. Quality, Energy, Throug
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credible forecasts that energy cost
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Capital-intensive manufacturing bus
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silica sand with a variety of indus
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I.4. Motivation to advance melting
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would be possible with a more detai
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efining, higher performance refract
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A major regional producer, the Unit
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continues to operate using technolo
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The percentage used for batch melti
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having fewer producers of major com
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Flat glass Forecasters predict an a
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glass fiber in some applications an
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With the high capital cost of new g
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The economic viability of electric
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development and capital investment
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investment of the traditional glass
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and increase cooperation on the hig
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The melting processes for silica-ba
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In the regenerative furnace, two re
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• Unit melter The unit melter is
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Furnace emissions are reduced and t
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glass. Electric boost is often used
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materials, state-of-the-art equipme
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Figure IV.1. PPG P-10 Primary Melte
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system. Applications for the techno
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stable and controlled operating pro
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Four test series using oxy-gas burn
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In the AGM melting process, mixed b
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Melter controls are extremely sophi
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simplify heat exchange technique th
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square or rectangular hopper locate
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After operating for over 12 years,
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The modular design of the device ma
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A single-phase 600-KW saturable rea
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IV.9.2. Fusion et Affinage Rapide (
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gases leave this compartment and gi
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Chapter V Industry Perspective on M
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problems that confront the entire i
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and port structures. Fuel savings o
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Glass manufacturers of all products
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here. To remain vigorous and compet
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RAY RICHARDS holds a BS in chemistr
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Chapter VI Vision for Glassmaking V
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VI.3. Economic perspective The majo
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and facility construction and plant
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Introduction In the course of gener
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totally replaced by barium, zinc or
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of soda. Other raw materials includ
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Batch melting in combustion furnace
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1.3. Detailed description of the fu
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increase reactions in soda-lime-sil
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promoted by the addition of fine-gr
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The presence of some distinct solid
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surface and escape from the melt. S
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Homogenization can also be aided by
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Batch melting strongly depends on t
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downstream operations, these bubble
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furnaces generally have better spec
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fundamental change in heat transfer
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or long-term trends and judges the
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Thermal momentum Thermal momentum i
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elative to a defined zero with prec
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glassmaking have proven to be more
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• Fuzzy Control Automation soluti
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• Oxygen furnace (MPC) • Refine
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3.A. Submerged Combustion Melting N
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• The Year 1 go-no-go decision po
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splitting the fuel-oxidant mixture
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and has proved highly reliable. The
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The project team has agreed to form
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3.B. High-Intensity Plasma Glass Me
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Plasmelt will utilize a full-scale
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Plasmelt has assembled a world-clas
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maintained as a process development
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entrainment by reducing melter size
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Glass melting began two weeks befor
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3.C. Advanced Oxy-Fuel Fired Front-
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3.D. Segmented Melting System Ruud
Page 194 and 195: supplemental energy input in a form
Page 196 and 197: Appendix A. Literature Review Glass
Page 198 and 199: A.2. Manufacturing flexibility Plac
Page 200 and 201: A.5. Recycled cullet use Increased
Page 202 and 203: Technology for direct heating withi
Page 204: and diverting funds from R&D and ot
Page 207 and 208: RR e c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 209 and 210: RR ee c o m m e n d s e c oo n dd l
Page 211 and 212: RR ee c o m m e n d C o m p a n y s
Page 213 and 214: RR e c o m m e n d s e c oo n d l o
Page 223 and 224: A u tt h o r // t i t l e / y e a r
Page 232 and 233: Appendix A2 Categorization of Paten
Page 234 and 235: R ee cc o m mm e nn dd C o m pp a n
Page 236 and 237: RR e c oo mm m e n dd C o m p a n y
Page 238 and 239: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a nn y s
Page 240 and 241: R ee c o m m ee n d C o m p a n yy
Page 242 and 243: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 246 and 247: R e c o m m e nn d C o m p a n y s
Page 248 and 249: R e c o m m e n d C o m p a n yy s
Page 250 and 251: R e c oo m m e n d s e c o n d l o
Page 252 and 253: R ee c o m m ee nn d s e c o nn d l
Page 254 and 255: R e c o m m e n d s e c o n d l o o
Page 256 and 257: Appendix B Glossary amortization: A
Page 258 and 259: eduction costs could purchase exces
Page 260: Seg-Melt: Glass melting furnace tha
Page 263 and 264: Associate Members: Advanced Manufac
Page 265 and 266: (C.6. Resource Contacts - Continued
Page 268 and 269: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbott, E., “Compari
Page 270 and 271: Bezborodov, M. A., “The Effect of
Page 272 and 273: Enninga, G., K. Dytrych, and H. Bar
Page 274 and 275: Kawachi, S., M. Kato, and Y. Kawase
Page 276 and 277: McCauley, R. A., “Evolution of Fl
Page 278 and 279: Pieper, H., “Flexible Melting Fur
Page 280 and 281: Schulz, R. L., Z. Fathi, D. E. Clar
Page 282 and 283: Tooley, F. V., Handbook of Glass Ma
Page 284: contributed by Nancy Lemon, Knowled
Page 288 and 289: INDEX Accelerated melting, 66-69, 9
Page 290 and 291: 71-72; Successes, 11; PPG P-10 Proc
Page 292: ISBN: 0-9761283-0-6 Printed in the
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