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7 Other Types of Textiles 147<br />
Objectives 147<br />
Key Terms Related to Textiles 147<br />
Nonwoven <strong>Fabrics</strong> 148<br />
Background 148<br />
Table 7.1: End Uses of Nonwoven <strong>Fabrics</strong> 148<br />
Durable and Disposable Nonwoven<br />
<strong>Fabrics</strong> 149<br />
Manufacturing Nonwovens 149<br />
Fusible Nonwovens 151<br />
Hybrid Products 151<br />
Nonwoven Wipes 152<br />
Trade Shows and Associations 152<br />
The Environment 153<br />
Felt 153<br />
Bonded and Laminated Materials 153<br />
Bonded <strong>Fabrics</strong> 153<br />
Laminated <strong>Fabrics</strong> 154<br />
Quilted Material 155<br />
Stitch Bonding 156<br />
Lace <strong>Fabrics</strong> 156<br />
Embroidery 157<br />
Textile Connection: Appliqué 158<br />
Tufted <strong>Fabrics</strong> 159<br />
Study Questions 160<br />
Other Types of Textiles: Fabric Science Swatch<br />
Kit Assignment 161<br />
8 Textile Dyeing 163<br />
Objectives 163<br />
Key Terms Related to Textiles 163<br />
Dyes and Pigments 165<br />
Conventional, or Aqueous, Dyeing 165<br />
Textile Connection: A Colonial Dyer 166<br />
Classes of Dyes 166<br />
Color Formulations and Matching<br />
Shades 166<br />
Table 8.1: Major Dye Classes and their Fastness<br />
Properties 167<br />
Computer Shade Matching and Computer-<br />
Controlled Dyeing 168<br />
E X T E N D E D C O N T E N T S<br />
A xi F<br />
Metamerism 169<br />
When Dyeing Is Done 169<br />
Stock Dyeing 170<br />
Top Dyeing 170<br />
Table 8.2: Comparison of Dyeing in Various<br />
Stages 170<br />
Yarn Dyeing 171<br />
Piece Dyeing 171<br />
Continuous Dyeing 173<br />
Garment Dyeing 173<br />
Special Dyeing Effects 173<br />
Cross-Dyeing 173<br />
Table 8.3: Classical <strong>Woven</strong> <strong>Fabrics</strong> with<br />
Colored Effects Created by Dyeing of<br />
Yarns 174<br />
Union Dyeing 174<br />
Tone-On-Tone Effects 174<br />
Pigment Coloring 174<br />
Solution Dyeing 175<br />
Colorfastness 175<br />
Textile Connection: Bleeding Madras 176<br />
New Developments 176<br />
The Environment 176<br />
Glossary of Imperfections of Dyed <strong>Fabrics</strong> 177<br />
Study Questions 178<br />
Textile Dyeing: Fabric Science Swatch Kit<br />
Assignment 179<br />
9 Textile Printing 181<br />
Objectives 181<br />
Key Terms Related to Textiles 181<br />
Methods of Printing 183<br />
Screen-Printing 183<br />
Hand-Screen Printing 183<br />
Textile Connection: A Printed Mark 183<br />
Automatic Screen Printing 184<br />
Rotary-Screen Printing 184<br />
Roller Printing 185<br />
Setting the Color in Screen and Roller<br />
Printing 186<br />
Heat-Transfer Printing 186