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60 PART I: General IssuesFIGURE 3.1Many ethical questions are raised when research is performed with humans.The 1974 National Research Act resulted in the creation of the NationalCommission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and BehavioralResearch. This act requires that institutions seeking research funds fromspecific federal agencies must establish committees to review research sponsoredby the institution. Colleges and universities have established these committees,referred to as Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). You can review thefederal regulations for IRBs at the website: www.hhs.gov/ohrp. An institution’sIRB review can ensure that researchers protect participants from harm

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