Contents

CHAPTER 2: The Scientific Method 31FIGURE 2.1Top: Clever Hans performing before onlookers. Bottom: Hans being tested under more controlledconditions when Hans could not see the questioner.Key Conceptis one example of the control used by scientists to gain understanding aboutbehavior. Box 2.1 describes an example of how the story of Clever Hans fromover 100 years ago informs scientists even today.Scientists gain the greatest control when they conduct an experiment. In anexperiment, scientists manipulate one or more factors and observe the effectsof this manipulation on behavior. The factors that the researcher controls or