Situation analySiS

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Situation analySiS of Children in uganda 2015aspects (child-sensitive social protection, child protection systems strengthening and childfriendlygovernance). In terms of these three core entry points for improving children’swellbeing in Uganda, the key findings can be presented in terms of three lenses – a rightsand sectoral lens, a cohorts lens and a systems lens.KEy FINDINGSChild survival has improved but undernutrition persists, stunting is at 33%, there remainslimited access to clean water and sanitation, and AIDS is now the leading cause of adolescentmortality. Improvement in health-seeking behaviour through addressing social norms(particularly for adolescent girls) and engaging at community level across the continuum ofcare frequently emerge as crucial areas of intervention.With respect to education and other developmental rights, primary school enrolment is highbut quality remains poor and dropout rates are high in both primary and secondary schools.Important areas of intervention are the national coordination and implementation of ECDpolicies, the management of informal schooling, and supporting children with special needs.Children’s right to protection continues to be a critical challenge given that: 8% of children arecritically vulnerable and 43% are moderately vulnerable (MoGLSD, 2011 and UBOS, 2014a);still only 60% of children are registered within a year of birth (UNICEF Uganda, 2015), andgovernment spending on child protection is marginal. The main areas of intervention areconsidered to be: the strengthening of knowledge, capacity and interventions that addresssocial norms, such as child marriage; cross-sectoral engagement in child protection lawenforcement; and improving the national strategy to eliminate child labour.The participation of children in decisions that affect them is restrained by the limited scopeof existing guidelines and the lack of a coherent national strategy, in addition to limitedsystematic investments outside of NGO or donor programming. Areas for action in raisingawareness about the value of child participation (both because it is a right and because ofthe benefits it brings to society) include the development and implementation of a nationalchild participation strategy, and an accompanying community of practice to distil lessonsrelevant for the Ugandan context.Adjusting to a cohort-specific lens, the critical groups are shown to be those in earlychildhood (0–8) and adolescent girls (10–18). Children aged 0–8 years are seen to beespecially vulnerable, and face a range of regional, income and gender-related inequalities,while adolescents (especially girls) face multiple vulnerabilities from disempowerment atthe individual, household and community levels. Many of the factors contributing to thissituation have been shown to be persistent or worsening, despite attempts at technical fixes.Attention towards behavioural (social norm) changes that are integrated with economicstrengthening components is considered a potentially fruitful area for further exploration.2 ExECUtIvE SUMMary
Situation analySiS of Children in uganda 2015At the systems level, the main considerations relate to the improvement of child-sensitivesocial protection systems, child protection systems, and participatory spaces for children,which include issues relating to governance systems. Currently, child-sensitive aspectsof social protection activities are not well-articulated, while child protection systemsstrengthening activities are limited by investment in monitoring and evaluation (M&E) andcoordination capacity. As noted above, while child participation is a rights area, it is alsorelated to governance and should be seen as a contributor towards social accountability.In terms of more detailed summary findings, these are presented according to the fourrights dimensions (survival, education and other developmental rights, protection andparticipation). This section highlights improvements and remaining challenges in serviceprovision, as well as changes needed to secure a fully enabling environment (in terms ofsector-specific capacities and legal frameworks) in order to fulfil children’s rights andimprove their wellbeing.CHILDREN’S RIGHT TO SURVIVALuganda ranks among the top 10 countries in the world for high maternal, newbornand child mortality rates.hiv and Aids is now the second leading cause of death among adolescents,accounting for 300 deaths a day (unAids, 2014). malaria, diarrhoea, pneumoniaand infections like HIV account for 70% of under-five deaths (MoH, 2013b).Some of the biggest gaps in health service provision include insufficient andunmotivated health workers, inadequate health financing, frequent stock-outs ofdrugs, and weak institutional and community systems to address implementationbottlenecks.households bear most of the costs for health care, with household expenditureconstituting 43%, donors 34% and government 23% (moh, 2013a).uganda loses $899 million worth of productivity per year due to high levels ofstunting, iodine-deficiency disorders, iron deficiency, and low birth weight.the percentage of children deprived of access to safe water decreased from 39% to30% between 2010 and 2013 (moGlsd et al., 2014).An emerging concern centres around children with disabilities, whose condition isoften the result of ante- and neonatal complications related to capacity constraintsin the delivery of basic health services.ExECUtIvE SUMMary3
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2015Situation analySiSof Children i
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Situation analySiS

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