Situation analySiS

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Situation analySiS of Children in uganda 2015Notably, Table 7 indicates that the majority of disabled children (approximately 66%) didnot receive any form of intervention. About 36% of disabled girls are on some form of medicationcompared to 26% of disabled boys. Use of assistive devices is relatively low and girlsare about twice as likely to report using assistive devices than boys. It is also worth notingthat some of those affected report turning to spiritual/traditional healing for rehabilitation.Table 7 also examines the effects of the disability on the ability to either work at or outsidethe home as well as attend school. At least seven out of every 10 children report some sortof difficulty. About 20% indicate that their disability affects their home activities all of thetime. Furthermore, two out of every three children reporting disability indicate that theirschooling is affected in some way.5.2.4 Orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC)Of the 17.1 million children below 18 years (over 50.7% of the population) in Uganda,11.3% are orphans, 8% are critically vulnerable and 43% are moderately vulnerable(MoGLSD, 2011 and UBOS, 2014a). Of those who are orphaned, 46% (1,108,080) have losttheir parents through AIDS (GoU, 2013). High child mortality before the age of five years,malnutrition, abuse, inadequate access to education, increase in commercial exploitation,and neglect are prevalent in the lives of OVC. According to the UDHS (2011), 18% of householdshave orphans and close to one-third of households have foster children (UBOS and ICFInternational, 2012).Although there is a legal requirement under the Children Act to inform the authorities whenan orphan is placed in alternative care (in foster care, through adoption, or institutionalcare), enforcement is inadequate and kinship care is not covered by law, which is why validstatistics about the number of children in alternative care are limited. Due to a lack of regulationor weak enforcement, there is a proliferation of childcare institutions – official statisticsput the figure at 500 with approximately 40,000 children (MoGLSD, 2012c) – and mostof them are either not registered or fail to comply with rules and regulations.In towns and cities, homeless children (children living on the street) face violence bymembers of the public, urban authorities and sometimes the police, other homeless adults,local government officials and their homeless peers. A survey by the African Network for thePrevention and Protection against Child Abuse and Neglect (Fallon, 2014) estimated thatthere are 10,000 street children in Uganda, a 70% increase in the number of children onthe streets since 1993, with approximately 16 new children coming to the Kampala streetsevery day.In light of the alarming statistics on OVC and the proliferation of illegal children’s homes, thegovernment has developed a National Alternative Care Framework ‘to provide guidance togovernment and non-governmental actors in providing or facilitating access to appropriatecare options for children, based on the continuum of care available to children; ensuringthat institutional care is used as an option of last resort’ (MoGLSD, 2014a: 12). If kinship70 thE rIGht to ProtECtIoN
Situation analySiS of Children in uganda 2015care is not possible, institutional care that replicates a family environment – whereby achild is placed in a small group setting with one primary caregiver – is the next best option(MoGLSD et, 2014a). Table 8 provides a summary of the alternative care options availableto OVC in Uganda.TABLE 8: summAry of AlternAtive cAre options in uGAndAcare type description/duration type of care exists in ugandaChildren’s shelter/receiving home1–30 days’ stay while the child’sneeds are assessed and a moretemporaryyes – but timelinesvary greatlypermanent solution found, whichcould include returning to parent(s)Group home6–8 bed facility as emergencytemporarylimitedshelter for a limited period of timeEmergency fostercaredays, weeks or months with avetted/qualified and paid temporarytemporaryvery limitedfoster caregiver(s)Foster caremore permanent foster caretemporary andyesarrangement/leading to adoptionpermanentKinship foster care(informal)short- or long-term informalsupport provided by relativestemporary andpermanentyesKinship foster care(formal)relatives take legal responsibilityfor the child/childrentemporary andpermanentrarely do relativeslegally fosterAdoptionpermanent legal family environ-permanentyesmentSpecialised fostercarefoster families for children/youthswith special needstemporary andpermanentyes but limitedKafalah (Muslimpractice but alsoprevalent in otherparts of society)individuals in the community tovoluntarily care protect and educatea child while retaining the child’sname, family and lineage connec-temporary andpermanentyestion.Residential carein a ‘group’ setting(traditionallydescribed as an‘orphanage’)children cared for, fed, educatedin a group setting. there could bemultiple homes and/or large roomson the same site.temporary andpermanentyes – an estimated400+ such institutionswith anestimated 40,000+resident childrenBoarding schoolboarding school facilities but wherepermanentyes – there is achildren are resident 365 days ofgrowing trend tothe yearstart ‘orphanage’schoolssource: moGlsd, 2014AthE rIGht to ProtECtIoN71
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Situation analySiS

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