MOTION MOUNTAIN

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112 3 what is light? Ref. 70 Challenge 113 d F I G U R E 66 Left: the electric field of a Gaussian, linearly polarized electromagnetic wave (a beam); right: a Gaussian, circularly polarized beam (QuickTime film © José Antonio Díaz Navas). is ussually unmeasureable after a distance of a dozen meters. It turns out that the field strength of radio waves decreases as1/r, whereris the distance from the source. The field strength thus decreases much more slowly than for static fields, which decrease as 1/r 2 . Why is this the case? The slow1/r dependence of radio waves can be understood qualitatively from the drawing shown in Figure 67. It shows the electric field around a charged particle that undergoes the simplest possible accelerated motion: a bounce on a wall. In fact, the last, lower diagram is sufficient to show that the transverse field, given by the kink in the electric field lines, decreases as1/r. Can you deduce the dependence? If we perform the construction of the field lines for a charge that undergoesrepeated bounces, we get field lines with regularly spaced kinks that move away from the source. For a charge undergoing harmonic motion, we get the field lines shown in Figure 68. The figure thus shows the mechanism of the simplest antenna (or light source) one can imagine. The magnitude of the transverse electric field can also be used to deduce the relation between the accelerationa of a chargeqand the radiated electromagnetic powerP. First, Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
what is light? 113 circle radius is ct, where t is the time since the bounce took place actual charge position wall charge position had it not bounced electrical field lines complete electrical field lines F I G U R E 67 Constructing, in three steps, the electrical field around a charged particle bouncing from a wall. F I G U R E 68 The electrical field around a particle oscillating in vertical direction (QuickTime film © Daniel Schroeder). Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
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ChristophSchiller MOTION MOUNTAIN t
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Editiovicesima octava. Proprietassc
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DieMenschenstärken,die Sachenklär
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8 preface PHYSICS: Describing motio
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10 preface Your donation to the cha
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12 contents Do we see what exists?
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Light, Charges and Brains Inourques
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16 1 electricity and fields F I G U
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18 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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20 1 electricity and fields nylon r
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24 1 electricity and fields TA B L
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28 1 electricity and fields Challen
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30 1 electricity and fields If elec
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34 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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42 1 electricity and fields Oersted
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44 1 electricity and fields Vol. IV
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48 1 electricity and fields Ref. 24
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50 1 electricity and fields Page 21
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52 1 electricity and fields Ref. 29
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162 4 images and the eye - optics R
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164 4 images and the eye - optics P
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166 4 images and the eye - optics b
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168 4 imagesandthe eye-optics F I G
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176 4 images and the eye - optics X
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Chapter 5 ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS R
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206 5 electromagneticeffects graupe
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208 5 electromagnetic effects Ref.
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214 5 electromagnetic effects F I G
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216 5 electromagnetic effects TA B
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226 5 electromagnetic effects Chall
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228 5 electromagnetic effects The t
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230 6 classical electrodynamics Pag
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236 7 the story of the brain F I G
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238 7 the story of the brain Vol. V
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240 7 the story of the brain TA B L
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242 7 the story of the brain consci
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244 7 the story of the brain Ref. 2
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246 7 the story of the brain F I G
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248 7 the story of the brain Vol. I
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254 7 the story of the brain ∗∗
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Chapter 8 THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE Ref.
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258 8 thought and language Challeng
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260 8 thought and language Vol. VI,
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262 8 thought and language F I G U
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264 8 thought and language Challeng
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266 8 thought and language Ref. 241
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268 8 thought and language Vol. IV,
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270 8 thought and language . . 0 1
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272 8 thought and language Ref. 251
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274 8 thought and language ⊳ Ever
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276 8 thought and language F I G U
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278 9 concepts, lies and patterns o
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Chapter 10 CLASSICAL PHYSICS IN A N
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322 10 classical physics in a nutsh
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328 a units, measurements and const
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342 challenge hints and solutions n
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362 bibliography 10 Thiseffect hasf
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364 bibliography 37 A discussionof
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366 bibliography M.B. van der Mark
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368 bibliography Vol. I, page 96 19
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370 bibliography S.W. McCuskey, F.C
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372 bibliography 119 A complete lis
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374 bibliography F I G U R E 178 Th
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376 bibliography in unserer Zeit33,
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378 bibliography private communicat
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380 bibliography success of structu
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382 bibliography Vol. IV, page 135
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384 bibliography and 304. 260 For a
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386 bibliography Springer, 1996. wh
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CREDITS Acknowledgements Many peopl
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390 credits tute of Molecular Patho
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392 credits scientific_photos.htm.O
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NAME INDEX A Abbott A Abbott,T.A.37
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396 name index D Democritus Democri
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398 name index H Holmes Holmes, C.D
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400 name index M Mohr Mohr, P.J. 38
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402 name index S Sheldon Sheldon, E
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404 name index Z Zybin Motion Mount
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406 subject index A units 328 Aplys
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408 subject index C classical class
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410 subject index E Earth Earth age
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412 subject index F finite finite 2
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414 subject index I infrared photog
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416 subject index L Lorentz Lorentz
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422 subject index S Scarabeus Scara
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424 subject index T table d’Unit
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426 subject index W Wien’s Wien
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