MOTION MOUNTAIN

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170 4 images and the eye – optics F I G U R E 119 A hologram of a train and the reflection hologram on a Euro bill (© Anonymous, Hans-Ulrich Pötsch). Holograms can be transmission holograms, like those in seen in museums, or reflection holograms, like those found on credit cards or currency bills. Holograms can be laser holograms and white light holograms. Most coloured holograms are rainbow holograms, showing false colours that are unrelated to the original objects. Real colour holograms, made and rendered with three different lasers, are possible but expensive. Holograms are based on interference. Interference images can also be used in other ways. By a double illumination at two different times, one obtains a so-called interferogram, which allows visualizing and measuring the deformation of an object. Interferogramsareusedtoobserve and measure deformation, oscillation or temperature effects. Is it possible to make moving holograms? Yes; however, the technical set-upsare still subject of research. So far, such systems exist only in a few laboratories (for example, www.optics.arizona.edu/pstg/index.html) and are expensive. By the way, can you describe how you would distinguish a high quality moving hologram from a real body Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
images – transporting light 171 F reference beam source C A object B D E ∞ Challenge 175 s F I G U R E 120 Different types of holograms arise through different relative position of object (green), holographic plate (blue) and reference beam (red). Situation A denotes a thin inline transmission hologram as proposed by Gabor, B a thin offline transmission hologram following Leith and Upatnieks, C a thick reflection hologram, or white light hologram, following Denisjuk, D a Fourier hologram at large distance, E Fraunhofer hologram at infinite distance and F two-dimensional hologram with inverted wave train (© DGH). F I G U R E 121 Interferograms of a guitar (© Wikimedia). without touching it? In the beginning of the computer industry, the aim of display makers was to produce photo-realistic displays, i.e., displays that could not be distinguished from a photograph. This aim has become reality. In 2012, a technology visionary proposed that the next aim of the industry should be to produce window-realistic displays, i.e., displays that can- Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
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ChristophSchiller MOTION MOUNTAIN t
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Editiovicesima octava. Proprietassc
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DieMenschenstärken,die Sachenklär
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8 preface PHYSICS: Describing motio
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10 preface Your donation to the cha
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12 contents Do we see what exists?
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Light, Charges and Brains Inourques
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16 1 electricity and fields F I G U
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18 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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24 1 electricity and fields TA B L
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28 1 electricity and fields Challen
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34 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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42 1 electricity and fields Oersted
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44 1 electricity and fields Vol. IV
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48 1 electricity and fields Ref. 24
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50 1 electricity and fields Page 21
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52 1 electricity and fields Ref. 29
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Vol. IV, page 231 Chapter 2 THE DES
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Chapter 3 WHAT IS LIGHT? Ref. 57 Pa
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96 3 what is light? Electric field
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98 3 what is light? spark transmitt
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100 3 what is light? Ref. 59 Page 1
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102 3 what is light? primary infrar
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104 3 what is light? Page 84 gases
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106 3 what is light? Fre - Waveleng
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108 3 what is light? Challenge 110
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110 3 what is light? incoming light
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112 3 what is light? Ref. 70 Challe
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114 3 what is light? F I G U R E 69
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116 3 what is light? light Ref. 72
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118 3 what is light? light Challeng
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230 6 classical electrodynamics Pag
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236 7 the story of the brain F I G
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238 7 the story of the brain Vol. V
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240 7 the story of the brain TA B L
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242 7 the story of the brain consci
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244 7 the story of the brain Ref. 2
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246 7 the story of the brain F I G
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248 7 the story of the brain Vol. I
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254 7 the story of the brain ∗∗
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Chapter 8 THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE Ref.
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260 8 thought and language Vol. VI,
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Chapter 10 CLASSICAL PHYSICS IN A N
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322 10 classical physics in a nutsh
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328 a units, measurements and const
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342 challenge hints and solutions n
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362 bibliography 10 Thiseffect hasf
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364 bibliography 37 A discussionof
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366 bibliography M.B. van der Mark
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368 bibliography Vol. I, page 96 19
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370 bibliography S.W. McCuskey, F.C
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384 bibliography and 304. 260 For a
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386 bibliography Springer, 1996. wh
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CREDITS Acknowledgements Many peopl
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NAME INDEX A Abbott A Abbott,T.A.37
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396 name index D Democritus Democri
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400 name index M Mohr Mohr, P.J. 38
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402 name index S Sheldon Sheldon, E
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404 name index Z Zybin Motion Mount
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406 subject index A units 328 Aplys
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408 subject index C classical class
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412 subject index F finite finite 2
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414 subject index I infrared photog
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424 subject index T table d’Unit
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426 subject index W Wien’s Wien
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