MOTION MOUNTAIN

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220 5 electromagnetic effects TA B L E 17 (Continued) Selected matter properties related to electromagnetism. Property Example Definition blackness coal,graphite completeabsorptioninvisiblerange colour ruby absorptiondependingonlightfrequency metallic shine metal,doped crystals abilitytoactas ‘good’ mirror chromaticdispersion all materials phasespeedoflightdependson wavelength photostriction PbLaZrTi lightinduced piezoelectricity photography AgBr,AgI lightprecipitatesmetallic silver photoelectricity, photoeffect Cs currentflowsintovacuumduetolight irradiation internalphotoelectriceffect Sip–njunctions,solar voltagegenerationandcurrentflowdueto cells lightirradiation photondrageffect p-Ge currentinducedbyphotonmomentum transparency glass,quartz,diamond lowreflection,lowabsorption,low scattering reflectivity metals lightbouncesonsurface polarization elongated silver nanoparticlesinglass lighttransmissiondependingon polarizationangle opticalactivity sugardissolvedin rotationofpolarization water,quartz birefringence,linear dichroism calcite, cornea,thin polymersheets refractionindexdependsonlinear polarizationdirection,lightbeams aresplit intotwobeams circulardichroism aminoacids,andalusite absorptiondependsoncircular polarization optically induced anisotropy,Weigerteffect Comptoneffect AgCl optically inducedbirefringenceand dichroism changeofwavelength ofX-raysand gammaradiationcollidingwithelectrons momentum measurements electrochromicity wolframates colourchangewithappliedelectric field scattering gases,liquids lightchangesdirection Miescattering dustingases lightchangesdirection Raleighscattering sky lightchangesdirection,skyisblue Ramaneffect or molecular gases scatteredlightchangesfrequency Smekal–Raman effect switchablemirror LaH voltagecontrolled changefromreflection totransparency Ref. 190 radiometereffect bi-coloured windmills irradiationturns mill(seepage118) luminouspressure idem irradiationturns milldirectly solarsaileffect future satellites motionduetosolarwind acousto-optic!effect TeO 2 , LiNbO 3 diffractionoflightbysoundintransparent materials Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
electromagnetic effects and challenges 221 TA B L E 17 (Continued) Selected matter properties related to electromagnetism. Property Example Definition photorefractivematerials Bi 12 SiO 20 , LiNbO 3 , GaAs,InP Augereffect Augerelectron spectroscopy Braggreflection crystalstructure determination Mößbauereffect 57 Fe,usedfor spectroscopy lightirradiationchangesrefractiveindex electronemissionduetoatomic reorganizationafterionizationbyX-rays X-raydiffractionbyatomicplanes recoil-free resonantabsorptionofgamma radiation paircreation Pb transformationofaphotoninacharged particle–antiparticlepair photoconductivity Se,CdS changeofresistivitywithlightirradiation optoacousticeffect, photoacousticeffect Lightemission gases,solids creationofsoundduetoabsorptionof pulsed light;usedforimagingofanimal andhumantissue luminescence:general term GaAs,tv lightemissionbycoldmatter foroppositeof incandescence fluorescence CaF 2 ,X-ray production,light tubes,cathoderay tubes,televisiontubes, dyes,coloured polymers,doped crystals lightemissionduring andafterlight absorptionorotherenergy input phosphorescence TbCl 3 ,crstalsdoped withheavymetals lightemissionduetolight,electrical or chemicalenergy input,continuinglong after stimulation emissionoflightduetoelectronhole recombinationatp-njunctions semiconductor luminescence light-emisstingdiodes (LEDs),pointerlasers electroluminescence ZnSpowder emissionoflightduetoalternating electrical field photoluminescence ZnS:Cu, lightemissiontriggered byUVlight,used SrAlO 4 : Eu, Dy, insafetysigns hyamine chemoluminescence H 2 O 2 ,phenyloxalate ester,dyesolutions chemically excited coldlightemission, usedinlightsticksfordiversandfun bioluminescence glow-worm,deep sea fish coldlightemissioninanimals,specialtype ofchemoluminescence triboluminescence sugar lightemissionduring frictionorcrushing, notprectical forlighting Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
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ChristophSchiller MOTION MOUNTAIN t
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Editiovicesima octava. Proprietassc
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DieMenschenstärken,die Sachenklär
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8 preface PHYSICS: Describing motio
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10 preface Your donation to the cha
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12 contents Do we see what exists?
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Light, Charges and Brains Inourques
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16 1 electricity and fields F I G U
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18 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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20 1 electricity and fields nylon r
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24 1 electricity and fields TA B L
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28 1 electricity and fields Challen
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30 1 electricity and fields If elec
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34 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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42 1 electricity and fields Oersted
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44 1 electricity and fields Vol. IV
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48 1 electricity and fields Ref. 24
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50 1 electricity and fields Page 21
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52 1 electricity and fields Ref. 29
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64 1 electricity and fields battery
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Vol. IV, page 231 Chapter 2 THE DES
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76 2 the description of electromagn
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Chapter 3 WHAT IS LIGHT? Ref. 57 Pa
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96 3 what is light? Electric field
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98 3 what is light? spark transmitt
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100 3 what is light? Ref. 59 Page 1
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102 3 what is light? primary infrar
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104 3 what is light? Page 84 gases
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106 3 what is light? Fre - Waveleng
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108 3 what is light? Challenge 110
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110 3 what is light? incoming light
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112 3 what is light? Ref. 70 Challe
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114 3 what is light? F I G U R E 69
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116 3 what is light? light Ref. 72
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118 3 what is light? light Challeng
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120 3 what is light? momentumLis gi
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122 3 what is light? Ref. 80 Challe
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126 3 what is light? Ref. 87 Page 9
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130 3 what is light? v ph v So F I
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132 3 what is light? The forerunner
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134 3 what is light? vocabulary. On
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136 3 what is light? source beam sp
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138 3 what is light? B B Beam in A
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Chapter 4 IMAGES AND THE EYE - OPTI
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142 4 images and the eye - optics 2
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144 4 images and the eye - optics C
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146 4 images and the eye - optics R
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148 4 images and the eye - optics T
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168 4 imagesandthe eye-optics F I G
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Page 236 and 237: 236 7 the story of the brain F I G
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270 8 thought and language . . 0 1
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272 8 thought and language Ref. 251
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274 8 thought and language ⊳ Ever
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276 8 thought and language F I G U
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278 9 concepts, lies and patterns o
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Chapter 10 CLASSICAL PHYSICS IN A N
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322 10 classical physics in a nutsh
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328 a units, measurements and const
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342 challenge hints and solutions n
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346 challenge hints and solutions P
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348 challenge hints and solutions v
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350 challenge hints and solutions b
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358 challenge hints and solutions C
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360 challenge hints and solutions V
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362 bibliography 10 Thiseffect hasf
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364 bibliography 37 A discussionof
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366 bibliography M.B. van der Mark
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368 bibliography Vol. I, page 96 19
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370 bibliography S.W. McCuskey, F.C
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372 bibliography 119 A complete lis
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374 bibliography F I G U R E 178 Th
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376 bibliography in unserer Zeit33,
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378 bibliography private communicat
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380 bibliography success of structu
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382 bibliography Vol. IV, page 135
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384 bibliography and 304. 260 For a
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386 bibliography Springer, 1996. wh
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CREDITS Acknowledgements Many peopl
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390 credits tute of Molecular Patho
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392 credits scientific_photos.htm.O
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NAME INDEX A Abbott A Abbott,T.A.37
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396 name index D Democritus Democri
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398 name index H Holmes Holmes, C.D
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400 name index M Mohr Mohr, P.J. 38
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402 name index S Sheldon Sheldon, E
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404 name index Z Zybin Motion Mount
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406 subject index A units 328 Aplys
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408 subject index C classical class
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410 subject index E Earth Earth age
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412 subject index F finite finite 2
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414 subject index I infrared photog
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416 subject index L Lorentz Lorentz
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418 subject index M motion motion a
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420 subject index P physiologists p
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422 subject index S Scarabeus Scara
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424 subject index T table d’Unit
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426 subject index W Wien’s Wien
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