MOTION MOUNTAIN

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CREDITS Acknowledgements Many people who have kept their gift of curiosity alive have helped to make this project come true. Most of all, Saverio Pascazio has been – present or not – a constant reference for this project. Fernand Mayné, Anna Koolen, Ata Masafumi, Roberto Crespi, Serge Pahaut, Luca Bombelli, Herman Elswijk, Marcel Krijn, Marc de Jong, Martin van der Mark, Kim Jalink, my parents Peter and Isabella Schiller, Mike van Wijk, Renate Georgi, Paul Tegelaar, Barbara and Edgar Augel, M. Jamil, Ron Murdock, Carol Pritchard, Richard Hoffman, Stephan Schiller, Franz Aichinger and, most of all, my wife Britta have all provided valuable advice and encouragement. Many people have helped with the project and the collection of material. Most useful was the help of Mikael Johansson, Bruno Barberi Gnecco, Lothar Beyer, the numerous improvements by Bert Sierra, the detailed suggestions by Claudio Farinati, the many improvements by Eric Sheldon, the detailed suggestions by Andrew Young – see also his large, informative and no-frills website mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF – the continuous help and advice of Jonatan Kelu, the corrections of Elmar Bartel, and in particular the extensive, passionate and conscientious help of Adrian Kubala. Important material was provided by Bert Peeters, Anna Wierzbicka, William Beaty, Jim Carr, John Merrit, John Baez, Frank DiFilippo, Jonathan Scott, Jon Thaler, Luca Bombelli, Douglas Singleton, George McQuarry, Tilman Hausherr, Brian Oberquell, Peer Zalm, Martin van der Mark, Vladimir Surdin, Julia Simon, Antonio Fermani, Don Page, Stephen Haley, Peter Mayr, Allan Hayes, Norbert Dragon, Igor Ivanov, Doug Renselle, Wim de Muynck, Steve Carlip, Tom Bruce, Ryan Budney, Gary Ruben, Chris Hillman, Olivier Glassey, Jochen Greiner, squark, Martin Hardcastle, Mark Biggar, Pavel Kuzin, Douglas Brebner, Luciano Lombardi, Franco Bagnoli, Lukas Fabian Moser, Dejan Corovic, Paul Vannoni, John Haber, Saverio Pascazio, Klaus Finkenzeller, Leo Volin, Jeff Aronson, Roggie Boone, Lawrence Tuppen, Quentin David Jones, Arnaldo Uguzzoni, Frans van Nieuwpoort, Alan Mahoney, Britta Schiller, Petr Danecek, IngoThies, Vitaliy Solomatin, Carl Offner, Nuno Proença, Elena Colazingari, Paula Henderson, Daniel Darre, Wolfgang Rankl, John Heumann, Joseph Kiss, Martha Weiss, Antonio González, Antonio Martos, André Slabber, Ferdinand Bautista, Zoltán Gácsi, Pat Furrie, Michael Reppisch, Enrico Pasi,Thomas Köppe, Martin Rivas, Herman Beeksma, Tom Helmond, John Brandes, Vlad Tarko, Nadia Murillo, Ciprian Dobra, Romano Perini, Harald van Lintel, Andrea Conti, François Belfort, Dirk Van de Moortel, Heinrich Neumaier, Jarosław Królikowski, John Dahlman, Fathi Namouni, Paul Townsend, Sergei Emelin, Freeman Dyson, S.R. Madhu Rao, David Parks, Jürgen Janek, Daniel Huber, Alfons Buchmann, William Purves, Pietro Redondi, Damoon Saghian, Zach Joseph Espiritu, Wladimir Egorov, Markus Zecherle, plus a number of people who wanted to remain unnamed. The software tools were refined with extensive help on fonts and typesetting by Michael Zedler and Achim Blumensath and with the repeated and valuable support of Donald Arseneau; help came also from Ulrike Fischer, Piet van Oostrum, Gerben Wierda, Klaus Böhncke, Craig Up- Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
credits 389 right, Herbert Voss, Andrew Trevorrow, Danie Els, Heiko Oberdiek, Sebastian Rahtz, Don Story, Vincent Darley, Johan Linde, Joseph Hertzlinger, Rick Zaccone, John Warkentin, Ulrich Diez, Uwe Siart, Will Robertson, Joseph Wright, Enrico Gregorio, Rolf Niepraschk and Alexander Grahn. The typesetting and book design is due to the professional consulting of Ulrich Dirr. The typography was much improved with the help of Johannes Küster and his Minion Math font. The design of the book and its website also owe much to the suggestions and support of my wife Britta. I also thank the lawmakers and the taxpayers in Germany, who, in contrast to most other countries in the world, allow residents to use the local university libraries. From 2007 to 2011, the electronic edition and distribution of the Motion Mountain text was generously supported by the Klaus Tschira Foundation. Film credits The animations of a plane electromagnetic wave on page 96 are copyright and courtesy by Thomas Weiland and taken from on his website www.temf.de at the Technische Universität Darmstadt. The animation of the electromagnetic field emitted by an oscillating charge on page 113 is copyright and courtesy by Daniel Schroeder. He will post it on his website physics. weber.edu/schroeder/mrr/MRRtalk.html one day. The animation of the electromagnetic field emitted by an oscillating dipole on page 114 is copyright and courtesy by Daniel Weiskopf and can be found on his website www.vis.uni-stuttgart.de/~weiskopf. Image credits The photograph of the east side of the Langtang Lirung peak in the Nepalese Himalayas, shown on the front cover, is courtesy and copyright by Kevin Hite and found on his blog thegettingthere. com.The rare photograph of a circular rainbow on page 14 is copyright and courtesy of Oat Vaiyaboon, and taken from his flickr collection;hiswebsiteishangingpixels.com.Thephotographsof objectsonpage16arecourtesyofWikimediaandRoyalPhilipsElectronics.Thephotographofa rubbedcomb’seffectonwateronpage16iscopyrightandcourtesyofRobertFritziusandfound onhiswebsitewww.datasync.com/~rsf1/fun/bend-w.htm.Thephotographsofelectricfieldlines on page 18 are copyright and courtesy of Eli Sidman, from the Technical Service Group of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and found on the group website on tsgphysics.mit.edu. Theground-breaking computergraphicsofelectric fieldsonpage18arecopyrightandcourtesy of the TEAL group at MIT, and found on their website web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/ visualizations/guidedtour/Tour.htm.Thephotographoflightningonpage19iscopyrightSteven Horsburgh (see www.horsburgh.com) and used with his permission. The photograph of the Kelvin generator on page 20 is courtesy and copyright of Harald Chmela and taken from his website www.hcrs.at. The picture of the charge conservation experiment on page 22 is copyright and courtesy of Wolfgang Rueckner. On page 23, the photograph of the jam pot electrometer iscourtesy andcopyrightofHarald Chmela andtaken fromhiswebsitewww.hcrs.at;the photograph of a white shark is copyright and courtesy of Klaus Jost and found on his beautiful website at www.jostimages.com; the photograph of the digital electrometer is courtesy and copyright of Advantest. On page 29, all photographs except one are courtesy Wikimedia; the photographofthesolarcelliscopyrightandcourtesyofQ-Cells.Onpage34,mostphotographs are courtesy of Wikimedia; the photograph of the galaxies is courtesy and copyright Anthony Ayiomamitis, the photograph of the Sun is courtesy NASA. On page 36, the photographs of magnetic field lines are courtesy of Wikimedia; the computer graphics are courtesy and copyright of MIT. On page 39, the pigeon cell photograph is courtesy and copyright of the Insti- Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
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ChristophSchiller MOTION MOUNTAIN t
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Editiovicesima octava. Proprietassc
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DieMenschenstärken,die Sachenklär
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8 preface PHYSICS: Describing motio
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10 preface Your donation to the cha
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12 contents Do we see what exists?
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Light, Charges and Brains Inourques
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16 1 electricity and fields F I G U
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18 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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24 1 electricity and fields TA B L
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34 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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42 1 electricity and fields Oersted
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44 1 electricity and fields Vol. IV
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48 1 electricity and fields Ref. 24
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50 1 electricity and fields Page 21
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52 1 electricity and fields Ref. 29
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Vol. IV, page 231 Chapter 2 THE DES
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76 2 the description of electromagn
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Chapter 3 WHAT IS LIGHT? Ref. 57 Pa
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96 3 what is light? Electric field
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98 3 what is light? spark transmitt
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104 3 what is light? Page 84 gases
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106 3 what is light? Fre - Waveleng
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108 3 what is light? Challenge 110
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110 3 what is light? incoming light
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112 3 what is light? Ref. 70 Challe
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114 3 what is light? F I G U R E 69
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116 3 what is light? light Ref. 72
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118 3 what is light? light Challeng
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120 3 what is light? momentumLis gi
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132 3 what is light? The forerunner
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134 3 what is light? vocabulary. On
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138 3 what is light? B B Beam in A
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Chapter 4 IMAGES AND THE EYE - OPTI
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142 4 images and the eye - optics 2
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144 4 images and the eye - optics C
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Chapter 5 ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS R
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236 7 the story of the brain F I G
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238 7 the story of the brain Vol. V
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242 7 the story of the brain consci
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246 7 the story of the brain F I G
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248 7 the story of the brain Vol. I
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254 7 the story of the brain ∗∗
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Chapter 8 THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE Ref.
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258 8 thought and language Challeng
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260 8 thought and language Vol. VI,
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268 8 thought and language Vol. IV,
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270 8 thought and language . . 0 1
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274 8 thought and language ⊳ Ever
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Chapter 10 CLASSICAL PHYSICS IN A N
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Page 394 and 395: NAME INDEX A Abbott A Abbott,T.A.37
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Page 404 and 405: 404 name index Z Zybin Motion Mount
Page 406 and 407: 406 subject index A units 328 Aplys
Page 408 and 409: 408 subject index C classical class
Page 410 and 411: 410 subject index E Earth Earth age
Page 412 and 413: 412 subject index F finite finite 2
Page 414 and 415: 414 subject index I infrared photog
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Page 418 and 419: 418 subject index M motion motion a
Page 420 and 421: 420 subject index P physiologists p
Page 422 and 423: 422 subject index S Scarabeus Scara
Page 424 and 425: 424 subject index T table d’Unit
Page 426: 426 subject index W Wien’s Wien
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